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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

all living cells share?

- cytoplasm


- DNA chromosomes


- Ribosomes


- Life processes

common bacterial shapes

- coccus


- rod/bacillius


- vibrio


- spirillium


- spirochete


- branching filaments

unusual shapes

- star-shaped stella


- square haloarcula

arrangements

PAIRS: diplococci


CLUSTERS: staphylococci


CHAINS: streptococci

Prokaryote

- no histones, or naked DNA


- few organelles


- peptidoglycan cells walls


- binary fission splits cells

Eukaroye

- paired chromosomes, true nucleus


- histones wrap DNA


- lots of organelles


- polysaccharide cell walls, or no cell walls


- mitosis divide cells

Flagella

- made of chains of flagellin


- anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body

periplasmic flagella

- internal flagella in space between outer sheath and cell wall




- makes a twisting or flexing motion



axial filaments

- anchored at one end of a cell


- rotation causes cell to move

flagellar arrangements

MONOTRICHOUS: single flagellum at one end


LOPHOTRICHOUS: small bunches emerging from the same site


AMPHITRICHOUS: flagella at both ends


PERITIRCHOUS: flagells dispersed over surface

fumbriae

- fine, protein, hairlike bristles


- function in sticking to other cells and surfaces



pili

- rigid tubes made of pilin protein


- only in GRAM NEGATIVE cells

functions of cell wall ?

- holds shape


- prevents bursting


- attaches outer structures


- contains peptidoglycan

Gram-positive cell wall

- thick peptidoglycan


- includes teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid


- has small periplasmic space

Gram-negative cell wall

- inner and outer membranes


- periplasmic space


- thin peptidoglycan later


- toxic

endospores

- grow inside the cells of a few groups of bacteria


- resist stresses