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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
all living cells share? |
- cytoplasm - DNA chromosomes - Ribosomes - Life processes |
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common bacterial shapes |
- coccus - rod/bacillius - vibrio - spirillium - spirochete - branching filaments |
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unusual shapes |
- star-shaped stella - square haloarcula |
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arrangements |
PAIRS: diplococci CLUSTERS: staphylococci CHAINS: streptococci |
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Prokaryote |
- no histones, or naked DNA - few organelles - peptidoglycan cells walls - binary fission splits cells |
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Eukaroye |
- paired chromosomes, true nucleus - histones wrap DNA - lots of organelles - polysaccharide cell walls, or no cell walls - mitosis divide cells |
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Flagella |
- made of chains of flagellin - anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body |
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periplasmic flagella |
- internal flagella in space between outer sheath and cell wall - makes a twisting or flexing motion |
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axial filaments |
- anchored at one end of a cell - rotation causes cell to move |
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flagellar arrangements |
MONOTRICHOUS: single flagellum at one end LOPHOTRICHOUS: small bunches emerging from the same site AMPHITRICHOUS: flagella at both ends PERITIRCHOUS: flagells dispersed over surface |
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fumbriae |
- fine, protein, hairlike bristles - function in sticking to other cells and surfaces |
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pili |
- rigid tubes made of pilin protein - only in GRAM NEGATIVE cells |
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functions of cell wall ? |
- holds shape - prevents bursting - attaches outer structures - contains peptidoglycan |
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Gram-positive cell wall |
- thick peptidoglycan - includes teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid - has small periplasmic space |
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Gram-negative cell wall |
- inner and outer membranes - periplasmic space - thin peptidoglycan later - toxic |
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endospores |
- grow inside the cells of a few groups of bacteria - resist stresses |