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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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asexual reproduction
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a type of reproduction - fission, budding, and regeneration - in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism.
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chromosome
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structure in a cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material.
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diploid
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cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs.
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DNA
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dexoyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases.
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egg
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haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs.
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fertilization
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in sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and an egg.
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gene
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section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins.
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haploid
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cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells.
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meiosis
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reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organisms.
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mitosis
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cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase).
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mutation
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any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an organism.
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
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sexual reproduction
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a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity.
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sperm
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haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs; in humans, male reproductive cells produced in the testes.
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zygote
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new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism.
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