Chapter 4 Key Terms

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Robert Walpole

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-26 August 1676 to 18 March 1745
-he was the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. Also he obtain the post of First Lord of the Treasury.

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Privy Council

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-Is a group of people that advises the Head of State Nation concerning the exercise of Executive authrity

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Benjamin Franklin

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-January 17,1706 to April 17, 1790
- He was one fo the Founding Fathers of The United States. He invented the lighting rod.

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New France

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-Was an area colonized by France in North America
-The Treaty of Utrecht resulted in the renuncia of French claims to mainland Acadia, The Hudson bay and Newfoundland colonies, and the establishment of the colony of Île Royale

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Paltry Wages

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-is people who bribe other people to get money in a illegaly way

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Albany Plan

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-Was proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 in Albany, New York
-It created a more centralized government and it was the first effort of unity
-It was to forming a union of the colonies under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes

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French Indian War

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-1754-1763
-is the common U.S. name for the war between Great Britain and France in North America
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Louis XIV

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-1638 to 1715
-Also know as Sun King, was king of France and Of Navarre.

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Missionary Zeal

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A group of people fighting for a cause. Demanding their rights

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Louis Joliet

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- 1645 to 1700
- Was a French Canadian explorer, is better known by telling he discovered North America

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Father Jacques Marquette

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- 1637 to 1675
- Was a French Jesuit Missionary that founded Michigan's first European Settlement.

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Rene Robert Cavalier

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- 1643 to 1687
- Was French explorer. He explorer the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada.

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The Iroquois Confederacy

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- Is an association of several tribes of Inidenous people of North America
- After the Tuscarora nation joined the League in 1722, the Iroquois know as the Six Nations

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King Williams War

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- Was the French and Indian War.
-1689 to 1697 <-- the war
It was fought between England, France and their respective American Indian Allies in the colonies of Canada (New France), Acadia, and New England.

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Fort Necessity

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- Was a French and Indian War and George Washington's only military surrender
- Contributed to a series of military escalations that resulted in the global Seven Year's War

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William Pitt

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- 1759 to 1806
- Was a British politician. He became the youngest Prime Minister in 1783.

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Siege of Quebec

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- Started on December 31,1775 between American Continental Army forces and the British defenders of the city of Quebec.
- Was the first major defeat of th war for the Americans

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Peace of Paris 1763

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- Was signed on 10 February 1763
- Was signed by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement
- French and Indian War / Seven Year's War
- Make the period of British dominate outside Europe.

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Proclamation of 1763

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- October 7, 1763
- By King George III
- The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new Nortg America empire and to stablize relations with Native North Americans.

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Greenville Ministry

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- George Grenville, 1712 to 1770
- Was a British Whig who rose the position of Prime Minister of Great Britain.
- He became a Treasurer of the Navy
- His best known policy is the Stamp Act 1765

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Sugar Act

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- Was a revenue raising act passed byt the Parliament of Great Britain
- April 5, 1764
- Reduce the rate by half and increasing measures to enforce the tax

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Currency Act

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- The acts sought to Protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in depreciated colonial currency
- The policy created tensions between the colonies and Great Britain, and was cited as a grievance by colonists early in the American Revolution

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Paxton Boys

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- Was a vigilant group that murdered twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre
- They felt the government of colonial Pennsylvania was negligent in using tax money to provide subsistence to the peaceful Indians living among them

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Regulatory Movement

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- Was a War of the Regulation
- Was a Nort Carolina uprising
- 1764 to 1771
- Citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials

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Stamp Act

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- Was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament specially on the colonies of British America
- The purpose of the tac was to help pay for trops stationed in North Americca

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Virginia Resolves

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-Were a series of resolutions passed by the Virginia General Assembly in response to the Stamp Act of 1765.
- The resolves claimed that in accordance with long established British law, Virginia was subject to taxation only by a parliamentary assembly to which Virginians themselves elected representatives

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Sons Of Liberty

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- Was a political group made up of American Patriots that originated in the pre-independence North American British colonies.
- The group was designed to incite change in the British government's treatment of the Colonies in the years following the end of the French and Indian War

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The Tory’s

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- Is a traditionalist political philosophy which grew out of the Cavalier fraction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
- It is one of the prominent political parties in Great Britain

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Mutiny Act

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- Was an act passed yearly by Parliament for governing the British Army
- It was originally passed in 1689 in response to the mutiny of a large portion.

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Quartering Act

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- Is the name of at least two 18th century acts of the Parliament of Great Britain.
- The act was used by the British forces in the American colonies to asegurar that British soldiers had adequate housing and provisions.

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Townshend Act

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- Were a series of acts passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain.
- The purpose of this act was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would be independent of colonial control

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Navigation Act

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- 1650 to 1673
- Were a series of law that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between English and its colonies.

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Boston Massacre

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- Was an incident that led to the death of five civilians at the hands on March 5, 1770.
- The Legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British American colonies

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Samuel Adams

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- 1772 to 1803, Bron in Boston
- Was a one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
- Adams was a leader of the movement that became the America Revolution.
- Adams was brought up in religious and politically active family

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Loyalists

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- Is a person who maintain loyalty to an establishment government, political party, or sovereign, especially during war or revolutionary change such as the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War.

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Patriots

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- Was the name the colonists of the British Thirteen United Colonies, who rebelled agaisnt British control during the American Revolution
- In July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation

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Gaspee Incident

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- June 9, 1772
- He chased a smerchant ship believed to be smuggling goods. They wounded the lieutant who was commanding the ship, and set the ship on fire.

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Tea Act

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- May 10, 1773
- Was an Ac of the Parliament of Great Britain to expand the British East Indian Company's monopoly on the tea trade to all British Colonies, selling excess tea at a reduce price

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Daughters of Liberty

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- Was a Succesful Colonial American group that consisted of women who displayed their patriotism by participing in boycotts of British goods following the passage of the Twonshed Acts.
- The Daughter of Liberty used their traditional skills of "homespun". They were recognize as patriotic heroines for their succes

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Boston Tea Party

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- On 1773
- Was a direct action by colonists in Boston, a town in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the British government

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Coercive Acts

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- A series of the five laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America.
- The acts triggered outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies that later became the United States, and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution.

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First Continental Congress

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- Was a convention of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen North American Colonies that met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall.
- The congress was attended by 56 members appointed by the legislatures of twelve of the Thirteen Colonies

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John Adams

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- 1735 to 1826
- Was an American politician and political philosopher and the second President of the United States
- He played a leading role in persuading Congress to declare independence

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Battle of Lexington and Concord

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- fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex county, near Boston
- Were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.
- The battles marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies in the mainland of British North America.

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General Thomas Gage

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- Was a British general, best know for his role in the early days of the American War of Independence
- He pointed the military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, where his actions -played a role in sparking of the American War of Independence in April 1775

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Paul Revere

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- 1735 to 1818
- Was an American silversmith and a patriot in the American Revolution.
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John Dickinson Letters to a farmer

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- In 1787
- A letter from Pennsylvania from a farmer
- Known as the "Penman of the Revolution"
- The letter said the death of the John Dickinson

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The Massachusetts Circular

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- Was a statement written by Samuel Adams and passed by the Massachussetts House of Representatives in February 1768 in response to the Twonshend Acts.
- It was a letter that broght tensions between the British Parliament and Massachussetts to a boiling point