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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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crust
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the thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle
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mantle
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the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core
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core
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the central part of Earth below the mantle
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lithosphere
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the solid, outer layer of Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
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asthenosphere
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the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move
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mesosphere
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The strong lower part of the mantle
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tectonic plate
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a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle
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continental drift
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the hypothesis that a single large landmass broke up into smaller landmasses to form the continents, which then drifted to their present locations; the movement of continents
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sea-floor spreading
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the process by which new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms as magma rises to Earth's surface and solidifies at a mid-ocean ridge
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plate tectonics
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the theory that explains how large pieces of Earth's outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape
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convergent boundary
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the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding
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divergent boundary
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the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
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transform boundary
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the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
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compression
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stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object
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tension
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stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object
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folding
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the bending of rock layers due to stress
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fault
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a break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another
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uplift
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the rising of regions of the Earth's crust to higher elevations
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subsidence
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the sinking of regions of the Earth's crust to lower elevations
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