Chapter 4 Flashcards

Front 1

Backcountry

Back 1

a region stretching approximately eight hundred miles from western Pennsylvania to Georgia.

Front 2

Great Awakening

Back 2

a sudden spontaneous series of Protestant revivals, caused men and women of all backgrounds to rethink basic assumptions about church and state, institutions and society.

Front 3

Fort Duquesne

Back 3

French fort located at the strategic fork in the Ohio River and later renamed Pittsburg

Front 4

King Georges War

Back 4

(1743-1748) known in Europe as the War of the Austrian Succesion. The colonists scored a victory over the French

Front 5

Albany Plan

Back 5

created by Benjamin Franklin. envisioned the formation of a grand council made up of elected delegates from various colonies to oversee the matters of common defense, western expansion, and Indian affairs. Also included a general appointed by the king.

Front 6

Albany Congress

Back 6

The meeting between British officials and representatives from Virginia, Maryland, and the northern colonies. Envisioned Albany Plan.

Front 7

Seven Years War

Back 7

French and Indian War. The British fought to rid the French of the New World in order to gain western expansion.

Front 8

Peace of Paris

Back 8

Signed on Feb. 10, 1763. Gave Britain an empire of land after defeating the French

Front 9

George Whitfield

Back 9

A young inspiring preacher from England. Spread religious ideas throughout colonies and greatly contributed to the Great Awakening. Follwed Jon Ed.

Front 10

Jonathan Edwards

Back 10

Sparked the Great Awakening. Encouraged people to return to the church and spread ideas of predestination.

Front 11

Molasses Act

Back 11

Also called the Sugar Act of 1773, it placed a heavy duty on molasses imported from foreign ports

Front 12

Charles Chauncy

Back 12

minister of the prestigious Church of Boston. He suggested that the new preachers that were coming about during the Great Awakening relied too much on emotion.

Front 13

Cato's Letters

Back 13

written by two of the most famous commonwealthmen, Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard, these articles warned Englishmen of the corrupt British government and that the balance of their constitution could not save them from tyranny.

Front 14

James Davenport

Back 14

a deranged revivalist during the Great Awakening who would play upon popular emotion and urged people to burn books written by authors who had not experienced the New Light. He would dance and strip at night to the light of smoky torches..... weirdo...

Front 15

"Old Lights"

Back 15

those who wanted to continue the old ways of religion and find a balance between intellectualism and religion during the Great Awakening

Front 16

"New Lights"

Back 16

those who accepted the new religious teachings during the Great Awakening

Front 17

Evangelicals

Back 17

people who were devoted to preaching their religion.

Front 18

mestizo

Back 18

a person of mixed race. In this chapter, it refers to the Spanish that would marry Indians while they were exploring the western frontier.

Front 19

Henry Muhlenberg

Back 19

a leader who helped German Lutherans through a difficult cultural adjustment. He organized a meeting of local pastors in which they decided to lay delegates that ordained ministers on their own.

Front 20

Increase Mather

Back 20

the father of Cotton Mather who pleaded to King William to end the Dominion of New England

Front 21

Mullato

Back 21

When an African American and a white person have a child.

Front 22

Transportation Act

Back 22

It was passed in 1718, and it allowed judges in England, Scotland, and Ireland to send convicted felons to American colonies. Between 1718-1755 50,000 convicts came over.

Front 23

King William’s War

Back 23

Began in 1689 when England’s King William III declared war on Louis XIV. Canadians raided northern frontiers of New York and New England. There were no territorial gains, but it caused suffering among civilian populations of Massachusetts and New York. It ended with the Treaty of Ryswick.

Front 24

Queen Anne’s War

Back 24

Also known as war of Spanish Succession. Lots of bloody combat along American frontier. Ended when Great Britain and France signed the Treaty of Utrecht.

Front 25

King George’s War

Back 25

An army of New England troops captured Louisbourg, scoring a magnificent victory over the French. Ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, but British gave Louisbourg back to French in exchange for concessions elsewhere.

Front 26

English Constitution

Back 26

Americans wanted to replicate British political institutions, so it was created. It had 3 distinct parts; a monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. Each was meant to check the other. Americans eventually became aware of the major differences and learned something about becoming American.

Front 27

Navigation Acts

Back 27

Navigation Acts continued through the 17th century, making it extremely difficult for farmers to make money, and making colonists pay higher prices for necessary goods.

Front 28

Benjamin Franklin

Back 28

A thinker, philosopher, inventor, politician, and writer. He devoted himself to the pursuit of useful knowledge. He was a very important figure in the 17th century.

Front 29

What powers did Royal Governors have and not have?

Back 29

The governor corresponded to the king and the governor’s House of Lords. They could veto legislation and dismiss judges. They served as military commanders in each province. The royal governors had to be advised by a council.

Front 30

Parliament

Back 30

Claimed to be a model for the American society, but they were known for corruption and bribery.

Front 31

William Pitt

Back 31

Was the most powerful minister in king Georges cabinet. He thought he was the only one who knew how to save the British empire. He thought that england and france should fight in the Americas. He led them to capture Louisbough which cut off all canadas supply with the french.

Front 32

General Braddock

Back 32

Led an army to fight in the French and Indian war. They were going across a river when the Indians attacked them.

Front 33

Seven Years War

Back 33

War between the British and the French. No one had the leadership of money to get the French out of the Mississippi. George II gave money and William Pitt was the man who led the army to defeat the French.

Front 34

John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon

Back 34

Most famous of the commonwealthmen.

Front 35

Middle Ground

Back 35

When the indians wanted to isolate themselves from the Europeans. They still continued to trade but they wanted to have an independent voice in the exchange. Exchanges occurred in the 'middle ground'

Front 36

Gilbert Tennent

Back 36

Itinerant preacher, Scots-Irish. He was like whitefield.

Front 37

Entrepots

Back 37

A trading post to for imports and exports without paying import duties.

Front 38

John Locke

Back 38

He was an Enlightenment thinker. Him and other men put together the enlightenment. During the enlightenment people encourages experimental science and like Christianity. These philosophers all shared the same ideas. People liked the improvement.

Front 39

Pennsylvania Dutch

Back 39

German migrants were mistakenly called this because the English confused duetsch with dutch.