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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
HVAC systems, solar panels, hatches |
Roof mounted equipment |
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Roof added over the top of an existing roof |
Rain Roofs |
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Solar energy systems mounted on the roof |
Photovoltaic Roofs |
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Type of roof installation to prevent ice damming and icicle formation at eaves |
Cold Roof |
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Roof top gardens |
Green Roof |
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Wood Frame Construction Stick Frame Construction Residential |
Type V Construction |
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Heavy Timber Construction Mill Construction Extremely stable and resistant to collapse |
Type IV Construction |
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Exterior walls and structural support members are non-combustible while interior walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs are wood |
Type III Construction |
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Non-combustible Construction Limited Combustible Construction Steel components do not need to be coated or insulated with fire resistant material Resists fire for 1-2 hours |
Type II Construction |
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Fire Resistive Construction Reinforced concrete, precast concrete, and protected steel frame construction Resists fire for 3-4 hours |
Type I Construction |
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Wood with high moisture content |
Green wood |
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The most common building material in North America |
Wood |
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-Age of the building -Construction materials -Roof type -Renovations or modifications -Dead loads -Number of stories -Windows |
Factors to consider when doing a size up |
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Metal bars or screens fastened to the exterior of the window frame or the building Can prevent escape of trapped occupants or firefighters and slow the access time |
Security |
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Has a sash that pivots horizontally or vertically about a central axis |
Pivoting Window |
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Swings outward at the top or bottom and slides up or down in grooves |
Projecting Window |
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Includes a large number of narrow overlapping glass sections swinging outward |
Jalouise |
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Has one or more top-hinged, outward swinging sashes that are opened by unlatching and pushing or operating a crank |
Awning Window |
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Has two or more sashes of which at least one moves horizontally within the frame |
Horizontally Sliding Window |
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Has a side-hinged sash usually installed to swing outward may contain one or two operating sashes |
Casement Window |
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Has only one sash that is operable |
Single Hung Window |
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Has two sashes that can move past each other in a vertical plane |
Double Hung Window |
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Broadly classified into two categories -Fixed- non-operable -Movable- operable |
Windows |
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Classified by the way they operate -Swinging -Sliding -Folding -Vertical -Revolving |
Doors |
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Provide access to or egress from different levels of a structure |
Stairs |
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-Straight Run -Return -Scissor -Circular -Folding -Spiral |
Stair Designs |
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May be open to the air or enclosed Enclosed stairs of this type must comply with requirements similar to interior stairs Typically have at least two adjacent sides open to natural ventilation |
Exterior Stairs |
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Interior, enclosed, and built with fire-rated construction Generally serve two or more stories and are part of the required means of egress |
Protected Stairs |
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Not enclosed May serve as a path of speed for fire and smoke The typically only connect two adjacent floors above a basement AKA Access or Convenience Stairs |
Unprotected Stairs |
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High Rise buildings Uses either active or passive smoke control using a mechanical ventilation system |
Smokeproof Stair |
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Open metal stairs and landings attached to the outside of a building Anchor points subject to freeze-thaw cycle, corrosion, and temperature changes |
Fire Escapes |
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Continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way Three Parts Exit access Exit Exit Discharge |
Means of Egress |
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Items within a building that are movable but are not included as a permanent part of the structure; merchandise, stock, furnishings, occupants, firefighters, and the water used for suppression |
Live Load |
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A second roof constructed over an existing roof |
Rain Roof |
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Weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other features permanently attached to the building |
Dead Load |
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Concealed space between the top floor and the roof of a structure |
Cockloft |
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Horizontal member between trusses that supports the rood |
Purlin |
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AKA: box beams, and wide flange beams Used as joists in modern construction also used as flat roof support |
I-beams |
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Metal or wooden plates used to connect and strengthen the joints of two or more separate components into a load-bearing unit AKA: gang nails |
Gusset Plates |
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Structural supports constructed out of 2 by 3, or 2 by 4 members connected by gusset plates |
Lightweight Wood Trusses |
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A truss constructed with the top and bottom chords parallel Used for floor joists or flat roof trusses |
Parallel Chord Trusses |
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Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor |
Joist |
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Inclined beam that supports a roof, runs parallel to the pitch of the roof, and to which the decking is applied |
Rafter |
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The edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an exterior wall |
Eave |
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The horizontal line at the junction of the top edges of two sloping roof surfaces |
Ridge |
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Portion of the exterior walls of a building that extends above the roof A low wall at the edge of a roof |
Parapet Wall |
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Form the top and bottom of a compartment |
Ceilings and floors |
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Define the perimeter of a building as well as divide it into compartments or rooms |
Walls |
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Primary function is to protect the structure and its contents from the weather |
Roof |
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A load bearing wall shared by two adjacent structures |
Party Wall |
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Fire-rated wall with a specific degree of fire-resistance Usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof |
Fire Wall |
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Interior non-load bearing wall that separates a space into rooms |
Partition Wall |
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Wall, usually interior, that supports only its own weight |
Non-load Bearing Wall |
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Designed to support the weight of the building and all its contents |
Foundation |
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Accessory buildings and other miscellaneous structures that are not classified in any specific occupancy barns, sheds, fences over 6 feet |
Utility/Miscellaneous Type Occupancy |
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An occupancy used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, merchandise, products, vehicles, or animals |
Storage Type Occupancy |
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Residential One and Two Family Dwelling Unit Lodging or Rooming House Hotel Dormitory Apartment Building |
Residential Type Occupancy |
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An occupancy used for the display and sale of merchandise |
Mercantile Type Occupancy |
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Ambulatory Healthcare, Healthcare, Residential Board and Care, Detention and Correctional |
Institutional/Care and Detention Type Occupancy |
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Occupancy in which products are manufactured or in processing, assembling, mixing, packaging, finishing, decorating, or repair operations are conducted |
Factory/Industrial Type Occupancy |
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Used for educational purposes through the twelfth grade by six or more persons for four or more hours per day or more than twelve hours per week |
Educational Type Occupancy |
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Occupancy used for the transaction of business other than mercantile |
Business Type Occupancy |
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An occupancy 1 Used for gathering of 50 or more persons for deliberation, worship, entertaining, eating, drinking, amusement, awaiting transport, or similar uses 2 Used as a special amusement building regardless of occupant load |
Assembly Type Occupancy |
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Structures that contain multiple occupancies or use groups must meet the requirements for each individual occupancy classification |
Separated Use Occupancy |
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Must meet the building code requirements for its intended use |
Single Use Occupancy |
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Not required to conform to the model building codes They are required to conform to U.S. department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) |
Manufactured Structures |
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An upright post in the framework of a wall, used to support drywall |
Stud |
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Walls of a building that by design carry at least some part of the structural load of the building in the direction of the ground or base |
Load Bearing Wall |
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Solid materials, such as wood blocks, used to prevent or limit the vertical and horizontal spread of fire and combustion in hollow walls or floors, above false ceilings, in penetrations, or in cock-lofts and crawl spaces |
Fire Blocks/Fire Stop |
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Rating assigned to a material or assembly after standardized testing by an independent testing organization, identifies the amount of time a material or assembly will resist a typical fire, as measured on a standard time-temperature curve |
Fire-resistance Rating |
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Steel structural members that are covered with either spray-on fire proofing or fully encased in an approved system |
Protected Steel |
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Sheet form for doors and windows Block form for non-load bearing walls Not typically structural support |
Glass |
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Type of building construction that uses renewable, environmentally friendly, or recycled materials AKA: natural or green construction |
Hybrid Construction |
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Drywall or Sheetrock High moisture content making it have excellent heat-resistant and fire-retardant properties |
Gypsum
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Concrete that has had rebar or mesh placed in frames before it was poured to add strength |
Reinforced Concrete |
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Short for reinforced bar placed in concrete forms before concrete is poured to add strength to the concrete once it sets |
Rebar |
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Decorative covers for wood, metal, and concrete-block load bearing walls |
Veneer |
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A non-load bearing wall, often of glass and steel fixed to the outside of a building and serving as a way to control the infilltration of weather elements, or for aesthetic reasons |
Curtain Wall |
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Structural support made from a long steel bar that is bent at a ninety degree angle with flat or angular pieces welded to the top and bottom |
Lightweight Steel Truss |
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Asbestos, Urea Formaldehyde Foam, Fiberglass, Mineral Wool, Cellulose, Cotton, Straw |
Types of Insulation |
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Expansion of excess moisture within masonry materials due to exposure to the heat of a fire, causing it to lose small portions of it's surface |
Spalling |
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Metal building materials commonly include cast iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals |
Metal |
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Bricks, blocks, stones, and unreinforced and reinforced concrete products |
Masonry |
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A wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure |
(OSB) Oriented Strand Board |
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-Contribute to the spread and intensity of the fire -Make the building susceptible to collapse |
Two Primary Types of Dangerous Conditions |
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The maximum heat that can be produced if all the combustible materials, contents and building, in a given area burn |
Fuel Loading |
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Structural failure of a building or any portion of it resulting from a fire, snow, wind, or damage from other forces |
Structural Collapse |
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Type 1- not likely to collapse primary concern is glass from windows Type 2- steel or non-combustible supports expand at 1000 degrees pushing walls out causing floor collapse Type 3- collapse zone of one and a half times the height of the structure Type 4- least likely to collapse Type 5- dependent on type, platform or balloon |
Collapse Zones per Construction Type |
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Framing where studs run from the sill plate to the eave line on multistory type 5 construction |
Balloon Frame Construction |
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Framing where each floor is a platform stacked on the foundation in type 5 construction |
Platform Frame Construction |
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Construction type Length of time fire burns Stage of the fire Contents Amount of water used for extinguishment |
Main Structural Collapse Factors |
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Roof sagging, fire involvement, floors sagging, chunks of ceiling falling, smoking cracks in exterior walls, noises |
Fire Indicators of Potential Collapse |