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92 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

HVAC systems, solar panels, hatches

Roof mounted equipment

Roof added over the top of an existing roof

Rain Roofs

Solar energy systems mounted on the roof

Photovoltaic Roofs

Type of roof installation to prevent ice damming and icicle formation at eaves

Cold Roof

Roof top gardens

Green Roof

Wood Frame Construction


Stick Frame Construction


Residential

Type V Construction

Heavy Timber Construction


Mill Construction


Extremely stable and resistant to collapse

Type IV Construction

Exterior walls and structural support members are non-combustible while interior walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs are wood

Type III Construction

Non-combustible Construction


Limited Combustible Construction


Steel components do not need to be coated or insulated with fire resistant material


Resists fire for 1-2 hours

Type II Construction

Fire Resistive Construction


Reinforced concrete, precast concrete, and protected steel frame construction


Resists fire for 3-4 hours

Type I Construction

Wood with high moisture content

Green wood

The most common building material in North America

Wood

-Age of the building


-Construction materials


-Roof type


-Renovations or modifications


-Dead loads


-Number of stories


-Windows

Factors to consider when doing a size up

Metal bars or screens fastened to the exterior of the window frame or the building


Can prevent escape of trapped occupants or firefighters and slow the access time

Security

Has a sash that pivots horizontally or vertically about a central axis

Pivoting Window

Swings outward at the top or bottom and slides up or down in grooves

Projecting Window

Includes a large number of narrow overlapping glass sections swinging outward

Jalouise

Has one or more top-hinged, outward swinging sashes that are opened by unlatching and pushing or operating a crank

Awning Window

Has two or more sashes of which at least one moves horizontally within the frame

Horizontally Sliding Window

Has a side-hinged sash usually installed to swing outward may contain one or two operating sashes

Casement Window

Has only one sash that is operable

Single Hung Window

Has two sashes that can move past each other in a vertical plane

Double Hung Window

Broadly classified into two categories


-Fixed- non-operable


-Movable- operable

Windows

Classified by the way they operate


-Swinging


-Sliding


-Folding


-Vertical


-Revolving

Doors

Provide access to or egress from different levels of a structure

Stairs

-Straight Run


-Return


-Scissor


-Circular


-Folding


-Spiral

Stair Designs

May be open to the air or enclosed


Enclosed stairs of this type must comply with requirements similar to interior stairs


Typically have at least two adjacent sides open to natural ventilation

Exterior Stairs

Interior, enclosed, and built with fire-rated construction


Generally serve two or more stories and are part of the required means of egress

Protected Stairs

Not enclosed


May serve as a path of speed for fire and smoke


The typically only connect two adjacent floors above a basement


AKA Access or Convenience Stairs

Unprotected Stairs

High Rise buildings


Uses either active or passive smoke control using a mechanical ventilation system

Smokeproof Stair

Open metal stairs and landings attached to the outside of a building


Anchor points subject to freeze-thaw cycle, corrosion, and temperature changes

Fire Escapes

Continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way


Three Parts


Exit access


Exit


Exit Discharge

Means of Egress

Items within a building that are movable but are not included as a permanent part of the structure; merchandise, stock, furnishings, occupants, firefighters, and the water used for suppression

Live Load

A second roof constructed over an existing roof

Rain Roof

Weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other features permanently attached to the building

Dead Load

Concealed space between the top floor and the roof of a structure

Cockloft

Horizontal member between trusses that supports the rood

Purlin

AKA: box beams, and wide flange beams


Used as joists in modern construction also used as flat roof support

I-beams

Metal or wooden plates used to connect and strengthen the joints of two or more separate components into a load-bearing unit


AKA: gang nails

Gusset Plates

Structural supports constructed out of 2 by 3, or 2 by 4 members connected by gusset plates

Lightweight Wood Trusses

A truss constructed with the top and bottom chords parallel


Used for floor joists or flat roof trusses

Parallel Chord Trusses

Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor

Joist

Inclined beam that supports a roof, runs parallel to the pitch of the roof, and to which the decking is applied

Rafter

The edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an exterior wall

Eave

The horizontal line at the junction of the top edges of two sloping roof surfaces

Ridge

Portion of the exterior walls of a building that extends above the roof


A low wall at the edge of a roof

Parapet Wall

Form the top and bottom of a compartment

Ceilings and floors

Define the perimeter of a building as well as divide it into compartments or rooms

Walls

Primary function is to protect the structure and its contents from the weather

Roof

A load bearing wall shared by two adjacent structures

Party Wall

Fire-rated wall with a specific degree of fire-resistance


Usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof

Fire Wall

Interior non-load bearing wall that separates a space into rooms

Partition Wall

Wall, usually interior, that supports only its own weight

Non-load Bearing Wall

Designed to support the weight of the building and all its contents

Foundation

Accessory buildings and other miscellaneous structures that are not classified in any specific occupancy


barns, sheds, fences over 6 feet

Utility/Miscellaneous Type Occupancy

An occupancy used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, merchandise, products, vehicles, or animals

Storage Type Occupancy

Residential


One and Two Family Dwelling Unit


Lodging or Rooming House


Hotel


Dormitory


Apartment Building

Residential Type Occupancy

An occupancy used for the display and sale of merchandise

Mercantile Type Occupancy

Ambulatory Healthcare, Healthcare, Residential Board and Care, Detention and Correctional

Institutional/Care and Detention Type Occupancy



Occupancy in which products are manufactured or in processing, assembling, mixing, packaging, finishing, decorating, or repair operations are conducted

Factory/Industrial Type Occupancy

Used for educational purposes through the twelfth grade by six or more persons for four or more hours per day or more than twelve hours per week

Educational Type Occupancy

Occupancy used for the transaction of business other than mercantile

Business Type Occupancy

An occupancy


1 Used for gathering of 50 or more persons for deliberation, worship, entertaining, eating, drinking, amusement, awaiting transport, or similar uses


2 Used as a special amusement building regardless of occupant load

Assembly Type Occupancy

Structures that contain multiple occupancies or use groups must meet the requirements for each individual occupancy classification

Separated Use Occupancy

Must meet the building code requirements for its intended use

Single Use Occupancy

Not required to conform to the model building codes


They are required to conform to U.S. department of Housing and Urban Development


(HUD)

Manufactured Structures

An upright post in the framework of a wall, used to support drywall

Stud

Walls of a building that by design carry at least some part of the structural load of the building in the direction of the ground or base

Load Bearing Wall

Solid materials, such as wood blocks, used to prevent or limit the vertical and horizontal spread of fire and combustion in hollow walls or floors, above false ceilings, in penetrations, or in cock-lofts and crawl spaces

Fire Blocks/Fire Stop

Rating assigned to a material or assembly after standardized testing by an independent testing organization, identifies the amount of time a material or assembly will resist a typical fire, as measured on a standard time-temperature curve

Fire-resistance Rating

Steel structural members that are covered with either spray-on fire proofing or fully encased in an approved system

Protected Steel

Sheet form for doors and windows


Block form for non-load bearing walls


Not typically structural support

Glass

Type of building construction that uses renewable, environmentally friendly, or recycled materials


AKA: natural or green construction

Hybrid Construction

Drywall or Sheetrock


High moisture content making it have excellent heat-resistant and fire-retardant properties

Gypsum


Concrete that has had rebar or mesh placed in frames before it was poured to add strength

Reinforced Concrete

Short for reinforced bar placed in concrete forms before concrete is poured to add strength to the concrete once it sets

Rebar

Decorative covers for wood, metal, and concrete-block load bearing walls

Veneer

A non-load bearing wall, often of glass and steel fixed to the outside of a building and serving as a way to control the infilltration of weather elements, or for aesthetic reasons

Curtain Wall

Structural support made from a long steel bar that is bent at a ninety degree angle with flat or angular pieces welded to the top and bottom

Lightweight Steel Truss

Asbestos, Urea Formaldehyde Foam, Fiberglass, Mineral Wool, Cellulose, Cotton, Straw

Types of Insulation

Expansion of excess moisture within masonry materials due to exposure to the heat of a fire, causing it to lose small portions of it's surface

Spalling

Metal building materials commonly include cast iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals

Metal

Bricks, blocks, stones, and unreinforced and reinforced concrete products

Masonry

A wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure

(OSB) Oriented Strand Board

-Contribute to the spread and intensity of the fire


-Make the building susceptible to collapse

Two Primary Types of Dangerous Conditions

The maximum heat that can be produced if all the combustible materials, contents and building, in a given area burn

Fuel Loading

Structural failure of a building or any portion of it resulting from a fire, snow, wind, or damage from other forces

Structural Collapse

Type 1- not likely to collapse primary concern is glass from windows


Type 2- steel or non-combustible supports expand at 1000 degrees pushing walls out causing floor collapse


Type 3- collapse zone of one and a half times the height of the structure


Type 4- least likely to collapse


Type 5- dependent on type, platform or balloon

Collapse Zones per Construction Type

Framing where studs run from the sill plate to the eave line on multistory type 5 construction

Balloon Frame Construction

Framing where each floor is a platform stacked on the foundation in type 5 construction

Platform Frame Construction

Construction type


Length of time fire burns


Stage of the fire


Contents


Amount of water used for extinguishment

Main Structural Collapse Factors

Roof sagging, fire involvement, floors sagging, chunks of ceiling falling, smoking cracks in exterior walls, noises

Fire Indicators of Potential Collapse