Chapter 4 And 5 Flash Cards

Front 1

Distinguishing Characteristics- Prokaryotes ("Prenucleus")

Back 1

1. DNA not enclosed w/in a membrane. Singular circularly arranged chromosome.2. NOT associated with histones3. Lack membrane-enclosed organelles4. Cell walls almost always have complex polysaccharide peptidoglycan5. Binary fission. (DNA copies, split into two)

Front 2

Distinguishing Characteristics- Eukaryotes ("True Nucleus")

Back 2

DNA is in nucleus and in multiple chromosomes. Separated from cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane. 2. DNA associated with proteins- Histones and Non-histones.3. Membrane-enclosed organelles: Mitochondria, ER, Golgi Complex, Lysosomes and Chloroplasts. 4. If cell walls= simple!5. Mitosis

Front 3

What are the 3 possible shapes of bacteria?

Back 3

Coccus: sphericalBacillus: rod-shapedSpiral

Front 4

Most bacteria are monomorphic, meaning that they.

Back 4

maintain a single shape.

Front 5

-long, filamentous appendages that propel bacteria

Back 5

Flagella

Front 6

Ribosomes

Back 6

Site of protein synthesis-2 subunits consisting of protein and rRNA-smaller/less dense than euk.-70S -some antibiotics work by inhibiting protein synthesis on prok. ribosomes

Front 7

Cytoplasm

Back 7

substance of the cell inside plasma membrane- ~80% water-Primarily proteins, carbs, lipids, inorganic ions & low-molec weight carbons-thick, aqueous, semitransparent, elastic-major structures: nucleoid, ribosomes, reserve deopsits-protein filaments-LACK cytoskeleton & cytoplasmic streaming

Front 8

Sporulation/Sporogenesis

Back 8

Process of endospore formation within a vegetative cell-begins when a key nutrient becomes scarce/unavailable

Front 9

Endospores

Back 9

-specialized "resting" cells formed by gram + bacteria when essential nutrients are depleted.-highly durable dehydrated cells with thick walls and additonal layers-found internal to bacterial cell membrane-can survive extreme heat, lack of water and exposure to toxic chemicals/radiaton in environment-** 1 per cell