Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7

Front 1

custom

Back 1

the frequent repetition of an act, to an extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act

Front 2

folk culture

Back 2

culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups

Front 3

habit

Back 3

a repetitive performed by a particular individual

Front 4

popular culture

Back 4

culture found in large, heterogeneous, society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

Front 5

taboo

Back 5

a restriction on behavior imposed by social custom

Front 6

terroir

Back 6

the contribution of a locations distinctive physical features to the way food tastes

Front 7

Isolated language

Back 7

a language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family

Front 8

language

Back 8

a system of communication through use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning

Front 9

language branch

Back 9

a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago

Front 10

language family

Back 10

a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

Front 11

language group

Back 11

a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocab

Front 12

lingua franca

Back 12

a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

Front 13

literary tradition

Back 13

a language that is written as well as spoken

Front 14

official language

Back 14

the language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents

Front 15

pidgin language

Back 15

a form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocab of lingua franca

Front 16

spanglish

Back 16

combination of spanish and english

Front 17

standard language

Back 17

the form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications

Front 18

vulgar latin

Back 18

a form of Latin used in daily conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documentation

Front 19

British received pronunciation (BRP)

Back 19

the dialect of english associated with upper-class Britons living in London and now considered standard in the United Kingdom

Front 20

creole or creolized language

Back 20

a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

Front 21

denglish

Back 21

combination of german and english

Front 22

dialect

Back 22

a regional variety of a language distinguished by vocab, spelling, and pronunciation

Front 23

ebonics

Back 23

dialect spoken by some african americans

Front 24

extinct language

Back 24

a languish that was once used by people n daily activities but is no longer used

Front 25

franglais

Back 25

a term used by the french for english words that have entered the french language

Front 26

ideograms

Back 26

the system of writing used in china and other east asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a specific sound

Front 27

isogloss

Back 27

a boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate

Front 28

animism

Back 28

belief that objects such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life

Front 29

autonomous religion

Back 29

a religion that does not have a central authority but share ideas and cooperates informally

Front 30

Branch

Back 30

a large and fundamental division within a religion

Front 31

caste

Back 31

the class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law

Front 32

cosmogony

Back 32

a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe

Front 33

denomination

Back 33

a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body

Front 34

ethnic religion

Back 34

a religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated

Front 35

Fundamentalism

Back 35

literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a relegion

Front 36

ghetto

Back 36

during the middle ages a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews

Front 37

hierarchical religion

Back 37

a religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control

Front 38

missionary

Back 38

an individual who helps diffuse a universalizing religion

Front 39

monotheism

Back 39

the doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god

Front 40

pagan

Back 40

a follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times

Front 41

pilgrimage

Back 41

a journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

Front 42

polytheism

Back 42

belief in or worship more than one god

Front 43

sect

Back 43

a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

Front 44

solstice

Back 44

astronomical event that happens twice a year

Front 45

universalizing religion

Back 45

a religion that attempts to appeal to all people

Front 46

apartheid

Back 46

laws in south Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas

Front 47

balkanization

Back 47

process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Front 48

balkanized

Back 48

small geographic area inhabited by many ethnicities

Front 49

blockbusting

Back 49

a process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move in

Front 50

centripetal force

Back 50

an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for state

Front 51

ethnic cleansing

Back 51

process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

Front 52

ethnicity

Back 52

identity with a group of people that share a distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions

Front 53

multiethnic state

Back 53

state that contains more than one ethnicity

Front 54

multinational state

Back 54

state that contains 2 or more ethnic groups that are peaceful with one another

Front 55

nationalism

Back 55

loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

Front 56

nationality

Back 56

identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as result of being born there

Front 57

nation-state

Back 57

a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

Front 58

race

Back 58

identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor

Front 59

racism

Back 59

belief that race is the determinant of human trait and capacities and that racial differences produce and inherent superiority of a particular race

Front 60

racist

Back 60

a person who subscribes to the belief of racism