Chapter 4 (237)

Front 1

What is are the 3 basic functions of a computer

Back 1

1. accept data (raw data)

2. Process data

3. Produce output (information)

Front 2

Name different generations of Computers

Back 2

1. Vacuum tubes: large, slow, delicate and expensive

2. Microtransisters:simpler smaller, less energy consumption, and cheaper, and much faster

3. Microcomputers: Uses chips, faster, smaller processors, cheaper.

4. Mobile Computing: small form factor computers that do everything personal computers do

5. Cloud computing: software and data are stored in the Internet and can be accessed from anywhere

Front 3

What is a LAN and WAN

Back 3

Local Area Network: Linking many personal computers together shared access to printers, faxes, and data.

Wide Area Network: The internet, Mail, Web browsing

Front 4

Name the principles of Information Technology

Back 4

1. Price and performance advances

2. Small is powerful

3. The network is the thing

Front 5

Ethernet

Back 5

A set of rules or protocols enabling devices to communicate and share information in LAN.

Front 6

What is Hardware

Back 6

consists of physical electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to the instructions in the programs or software

Front 7

What is firmware

and BIOS

Back 7

Firmware is special computer software that is installed into the device which is ROM.

Basic input/Output system: its the firmware that helps load up the OS and is required because all the volatile memory is lost

Front 8

All computers consist of 4 basic components

Back 8

1. Inputs are direct (keyboard, mouse) Indirect: scanners digital cameras )

2. Processing (CPU, RAM)

3. Output (Video display, printers)

4. Storage (Magnetic disk, Optical disk

Front 9

What is the motherboard

Back 9

The motherboard is the electric circuitry that connects various components together

1. CPU

2. Primary Memory

3. Busses

4. Ports and expansion slots

Front 10

What is CPU

Back 10

- CPU transfers programs and data from disk to main memories

- Moves data and information from

Main memory via data channels or busses

- speed expressed in Hertz

- Has small amount of cache

Front 11

What is RAM

Back 11

Contains programs and OS instructions

Too little RAM causes slow computers

Front 12

What is memory swapping

Back 12

Main Memory is too small to hold all data

CPU loads programs into memory via chunks

places new programs into unused memory

if there is none then the OS will remove unused memory and replace with requested memory

Front 13

What is Data?

Back 13

Data is made up of bits used to represent data via Binary Code (1,0)

Bytes are bits that are in chunks of 8 (represent one character)

Kilobyte 1024 Bytes

Megabyte 1024K

Gigabyte 1024Mb

Terabyte 1024Gb

Petabyte 1024Tb

Front 14

Volatile and Non Volatile memory

Back 14

1. Volatile: memory that can be lost if power goes off such as Cache and Main Memory
2. Non Volatile: Memory that can still be saved if the power goes off, such as SSD USB, optical disks

Front 15

What are two examples of primary Storage

Back 15

1. RAM which is considered volatile memory where it can be lost

2. ROM (Read Only Memory) memory that can't be edited, and is used to store the boot up memory

Front 16

Name 4 examples of secondary Storage

Back 16

1. Magnetic disks (Hard drives) non volatile, measured in bits, records tracks in sectors

2. Optical Disks: Compact disks (700MB) DVD (8.5 GB) Blueray Disk 25-128GB

3. USB

4. ICLOUD

Front 17

Client vs Server Components

Back 17

Client computers are used to review and and process information and has access to public or private networks

Server Computers provide the programs and websites, they host all the traffic that is reached from the client computers

Front 18

Thick VS Thin Clients

Back 18

Thin Clients: An application that requires nothing more then a web browser

Thick Clients: Programs that require more then just browsers

essentially the difference between the two is the amount of code that must run on the client computer

Front 19

What are application software and categories of application programs

Back 19

consists of programs that perform a business function

1. Horizontal Market application: software that provides capabilities common across many organizations, with little customization (Buy off the shelf)

2. Vertical Market Application: software that serves the needs of a specific industry, like dentist appt software (Buy off the shelf with mods)

3. One of a kind: Apllications that are used for one specific need, like the CRA ( Custom made and developed)

Front 20

2 Types of Computer softwares

Back 20

1. Operating System which is a program that controls the computers resources, and system software. Operating Systems are meant for specific Hardware systems

2. Application programs are meant for meant to be used by specific OS

Front 21

Whats the difference between owning and licensing

Back 21

Licenses are bought by users and are used by them but are owned by the developing company

Open source software, such as Linux is owned by everyone and everyone owns it, and profit can be made through support software

Front 22

What are Virus', Macro Viruses', worms, Zombie computers, and botnets

Back 22

Virus: Replicates itself and consumes computer resources (Payload)

Macro Virus: they attach themselves to various documents, and once it attaches to the startup file it begins to infect every file it creates

Worms: Viruses that run really fast through networks, and infect over network areas, computers infected by them are called zombie computers

Botnets: they use zombie computers to send spam email and perform malicious tasks through infected computers.

Front 23

Patches

Back 23

updates that help cover up any holes in the programs or software