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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Coevolution |
the evolution of interacting species in response to changes in each other
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Flowers attach to a part of the stem called the ________ |
receptacle |
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Sepals |
are one of the four basic parts of a flower. They are found below the petals. The sepals are often small and green. Some flowers do not have petals.
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Petals |
each of the segments of the corolla of a flower, which are modified leaves and are typically colored.
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Stamens |
consists of a filament topped by an anther with sacs that produce pollen
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a ________ has a long style with a stigma on which pollen may land |
carpel |
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Ovary |
a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule(s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals. |
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Ovules |
A structure in seed plants that consists of the embryo sac surrounded by the nucleus and one or two integuments and that develops into a seed after its fertilized
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Pistil |
The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed
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Complete Flowers |
contain all four flower organs
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Incomplete Flowers |
lack one, or more, floral organs
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Inflorescences |
clusters of flowers
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Pollen Grain |
each of the microscopic particles, typically single cells, of which pollen is composed. Pollen grains have a tough coat that has a form characteristic of the plant producing it. (consists of the male gametophyte and spore wall
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Pollen Tube |
a hollow tube that develops from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma of a flower. It penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule.
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Seed Coat |
the protective outer layer of a seed |
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seed dormancy |
a state in which seeds are prevented from germinating even under environmental conditions normally favorable for germination. These conditions are a complex combination of water, light, temperature, gasses, mechanical restrictions, seed coats, and hormone structures.
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Scutellum |
a small shieldlike structure, in particular.
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Imbibition |
the uptake of water due to low water potential of the dry seed
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Fruit (S and F) |
S: develops from a mature ovary
F: it protects the enclosed seeds and aids in seed dispersal by wind or animals |
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Dry Fruits |
if the ovary dries out at maturity
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Fleshy Fruits |
if the ovary becomes thick, soft, and sweet at maturity
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Simple Fruits |
fruit that have a single or several fused carpels
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Aggregate Fruit |
a single flower with multiple separate carpels
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Multiple Fruit |
a group of flowers called an inflorescence
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Accessory Fruit |
contains other floral parts in addition to ovaries |
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Dioecious |
plant species that have staminate and carpellate flowers (male and female) on saparate plants
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Monecious |
plants species that have both male and female parts on one flower
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Self-incompatibility |
a plant's ability to reject its own pollen
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Pros and Cons of Plant Asexual Reproduction (vegetative reproduction) |
beneficial to a plant in a stable environment, but is vulnerable to extinction if there is an environmental change |
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Pros and Cons of Plant Sexual Reproduction |
allows for greater genetic diversity, which is useful if the environment changes; however the gametes are less likely to survive
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Transgenic Plants |
genetically modified to express a gene from another organism |
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Risks and Benefit of Transgenic Plants |
they can increase the quality/quantity of the food produced, produce proteins to defend against insects, tolerate herbicides, resist specific diseases, and improves overall nutritional value; However, it may have unforeseen effects on non target organisms, and there is a possibility of introduced genes escaping into related weeds through crop-to-weed hybridization |
