Chapter 37

Front 1

macronutrients

Back 1

HONC, SCamPP(potassium)

Front 2

micronutrients

Back 2

Cl, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Fe

Front 3

hydroponic

Back 3

determine which chemical elements are essential

Front 4

mobile nutrient deficiency

Back 4

usually affects older organs more than young ones-(a nutrient that moves around)

Front 5

less mobile nutrient deficiency

Back 5

usually affects younger organs more than older ones- (a nutrient that is locked in the older part of a plant)

Front 6

improvement of plant nutrition by genetic modification

Back 6

resistance to aluminum toxicity

flood tolerance

smart plants

Front 7

plants and soil have ____ relationship

Back 7

mutualistic

Front 8

rhizosphere

Back 8

The layer of soil bound to the plant’s roots

Front 9

bacteria is a ____

Back 9

decomposer

Front 10

dead plants are a source

Back 10

for soil dwelling microbes

Front 11

roots secrete

Back 11

sugars, organic acids, amino acids

Front 12

bacteria stimulate the plant with

Back 12

hormones, produce anitbiotics, absorb toxic materials, make nutrients more available to roots

Front 13

soil components

Back 13

sand, silt, clay

Front 14

steps for soil formation

Back 14

mechanical and physical weathering

Front 15

cation exchange

Back 15

the transfer of positive ions such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium from soil to plant roots

Front 16

outcome of nitrogen deficency

Back 16

yellowing of leaves

stunted growth

plant carnivory

Front 17

epiphytes

Back 17

grows on another plant, obtains water and minerals from rain

Front 18

parasitic plants

Back 18

drink of prepared juices from host plant

Front 19

example of a carnivourous plant

Back 19

venus fly trap

Front 20

ammonification

Back 20

microbes act on dead and decaying matter which makes it an available form of NH4

Front 21

N2 fixers process

Back 21

form NO2 and then it becomes NO3 which is nitrification

Front 22

nitrogen and crop rotation

Back 22

takes advantage of the agricultural benefits of symbiotic nitrogen fixation A nonlegume such as maize is planted one year, and the next year a legume is planted to restore the concentration of fixed nitrogen in the soil

Front 23

effects of large scale cultivation

creation of dust bowls

Back 23

large scale alteration of soil

depletes soil of nutrients

plants are harvested

nothing to hold roots together

Front 24

irrigation

Back 24

taps on water aquifers which can sink land (land subsidence) and salinization

Front 25

Drip irrigation

Back 25

requires less water and reduces salinization

Front 26

fertilization

Back 26

replaces the lost NPK levels

Front 27

excess fertilization can

Back 27

leach into ground water, wash off into lakes, cause algal blooms

Front 28

changes in soil pH can

Back 28

affect cation exchange

Front 29

humus

Back 29

mineral particles + decomposing organic matter

Front 30

soil erosion causes

Back 30

wind and water erosion of topsoil

nutrient depletion

hardening of soil

tilling-distrupts soil and plant rerlationships

Front 31

soil erosion can be reduced by

Back 31

planting trees

terrracing on hillsides

cultivating in contour patterns

no till agriculture

phytoremediation

Front 32

Phytoremediation

Back 32

biological, nondestructive technology that reclaims contaminated areas

Plants capable of extracting soil pollutants are grown and are then disposed of safely

Front 33

what causes desertification of lands

Back 33

leaching of nutrients

salinization

waterlogging

algal blooms

Front 34

udsa guidelines for organic

Back 34

sustain diversity

maintain soil quality

eliminate pesticides

eliminate fertilizers

eliminate genetically modified