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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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absorption:
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process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream
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anorexia:
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lack or loss of appetite for food
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anthropometric:
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measurements of the body and body parts
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aspiration:
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misdirection of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract
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basal metabolism:
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amount of energy required to carry out involuntary activities of the body at rest
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body mass index (BMI):
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ratio of height to weight
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calorie:
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measure of heat, or energy; kilocalorie, commonly referred to as a calorie, defined as the amount of heat required to raise 1 kg of water 1°C
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carbohydrate:
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organic compounds (commonly known as sugars and starches) that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the most abundant and least expensive source of calories in the diet worldwide
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cholesterol:
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fat-like substance found only in animal tissues; it is important for cell membrane structure, a precursor of steroid hormones, and a constituent of bile; high serum cholesterol levels are a risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis
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digestion:
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gastrointestinal system’s breakdown process of food into particles small enough to pass into the cells and be used by the cells
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dysphagia:
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difficulty in swallowing or inability to swallow
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enteral nutrition:
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alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula
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gastric residual:
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feeding remaining in the stomach
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gastrostomy:
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opening created into the stomach
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ketosis:
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an abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies that is frequently associated with acidosis
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lipid:
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group name for fatty substances, including fats, oils, waxes, and related compounds
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minerals:
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inorganic elements found in nature
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nasogastric (NG) tube:
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tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach
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nasointestinal (NI) tube:
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tube inserted through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine
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NPO:
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nothing by mouth (Latin: nil per os)
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nutrient:
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specific biochemical substance used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury
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nutrition:
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study of the nutrients and how they are handled by the body, as well as the impact of human behavior and environment on the process of nourishment
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obesity:
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weight greater than 20% above ideal body weight
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parenteral nutrition:
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nourishment provided via IV therapy
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percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG):
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surgically or laparoscopically placed gastrostomy tube
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peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN):
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prescribed for patients who require nutrient supplementation through a peripheral vein because they have an inadequate intake of oral feedings
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protein:
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vital component of every living cell; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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recommended dietary allowance (RDA):
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recommendations for average daily amounts of essential nutrients that healthy population groups should consume over time
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total parenteral nutrition (TPN):
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nutritional therapy that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract for patients who are unable to take food orally; meets the patient’s nutritional needs with a highly concentrated, hypertonic nutrient solution administered intravenously through a central vein
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trans fat:
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partially hydrogenated liquid oil; trans fat raises serum cholesterol
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triglycerides:
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predominant form of fat in food and the major storage form of fat in the body
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vitamins:
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organic substances needed by the body in small amounts to help regulate body processes; are susceptible to oxidation and destruction
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waist circumference:
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a numerical measurement of the waist, used to assess an individual’s abdominal fat and establish ideal body weight
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