Chapter 34 Terms

Front 1

The Brain Trust

Back 1

It was a small group of reform minded intellectuals that ghost wrote Roosevelt’s speeches for the New Deal. They were predominantly young college professors who were a kind of kitchen cabinet. They later authored much of the New Deal legislation.

Front 2

Election of 1932

Back 2

FDR seized the offensive with a slashing attack on the Republican Old Dealers. In the mean while, Hoover remained in the white house battling the depression through short lunches and long hours. FDR won on the largest margin (gr??) ever in a presidential election.

Front 3

Bank Holiday, March 1933

Back 3

It was proposed by Roosevelt as a prelude to open the banks on a sounder basis.

Front 4

The Hundred Days

Back 4

Roosevelt summoned the Democratic Congress into special session to cope with the national emergency. For One Hundred Days, the members hastily cranked out an unprecedented basketful of remedial legislation. Some of it derived from earlier progressivism, but these new measures mostly sough to deal with a desperate emergency.

Front 5

The Three Rs

Back 5

Roosevelt’s New Deal programs aimed at Relief, Recovery, and Reform. Short range goals were relief and immediate recovery, especially in the first two years. Long range goals were permanent recovery and reform of current abuses, particularly those that had produced the boom or bust catastrophe. The three R objectives often overlapped and got in one another’s way.

Front 6

Fireside Chats

Back 6

FDR used the radio to deliver the first of his thirty famous “fireside chats”. He gave assurances that it was now safer to keep money in a reopened bank than “under the mattress”. Confidence returned and banks began to unlock their doors.

Front 7

Glass-Setagall Banking Reform Act

Back 7

It buttressed public reliance on the banking system by enacting the memorable Act which provided for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which insured individual deposits up to 5000. Thus ended the disgraceful epidemic of bank failures.

Front 8

Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC)

Back 8

insurance company funded by participating banks. insured bank accounts up to $5000

Front 9

Civilian Conservation Corp. (CCC)

Back 9

gave outdoor work to men 18-25

Front 10

Federal Emergency Relief Act

Back 10

provided $500 million for direct relief to the needy

Front 11

Harry Hopkins

Back 11

He was put in charge of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration .His agency in all granted about 3 million to the states for direct dole payments or preferably for wages on work projects.

Front 12

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Back 12

sought to raise crop prices by lowering production. paid farmers to leave a portion of every acre fallow.

Front 13

Home Owners’ Loan Corp. (HOLC)

Back 13

provided government loans to non-farm homeowners who faced foreclosures because they couldn't make their loan payments.

Front 14

Father Charles Coughlin

Back 14

He was a Catholic priest in Michigan who began broadcasting in 1930 and whose slogan was “Social Justice.” His anti-New Deal harangues to some 40 million radio fans finally became so anti-Semitic, fascistic, and demagogic that he was silence in 1942 by his ecclesiastical superiors.

Front 15

Senator Huey Long

Back 15

He used his abundant rabble rousing talents to publicize his Share our Wealth program which promised to make “Every man a king” Every family was to receive 5000 supposedly at the expense of the prosperous H.L. Mencken called Long’s chief lieutenant, former clergyman Gerald L.K. Smith. Fear of Long’s becoming a fascist dictator ended when he was shot by an assassin in the Louisiana store capital in 1935.

Front 16

Dr. Francis E. Townsend

Back 16

He was a retired physician whose savings had recently been wiped out. He attracted the trusting support of perhaps 5 million senior citizens with his fantastic plan that nonetheless spoke to earthly need. Each oldster 69 years of age or over was to receive 200 a month, provided that the money is spent within the month.

Front 17

Works Progress Administration (WPA) 1935

Back 17

provided $5 billion to create jobs. programs built roads, libraries, schools, airports, and hospitals.

Front 18

National Recovery Administration (NRA Blue Eagle)

Back 18

guaranteed workers the right to organize and bargain through elected representatives. oversaw production, wages, working conditions, and pricing to stop the cycle of falling prices, wage cuts, and layoffs.

Front 19

Schechter “sick chicken” decision, 1935

Back 19

It was when the justices of the Supreme Court held that congress could not “Delegate legislative powers” to the executive. They further declared that congressional control of interstate commerce could not properly apply to a local fowl business.

Front 20

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Back 20

provided federal money to create jobs.

Front 21

Harold Ickes

Back 21

He headed the Public Works Administration.

Front 22

Frances Perkins

Back 22

She was the first woman cabinet member; she served as secretary of labor under Roosevelt. She was subjected to much undeserved criticism from male businessmen, laborites, and politicians. They sneered that FDR kept her in labor for many years.

Front 23

Twentieth Amendment, 1933

Back 23

It swept away the lab duck session of Congress and shortened by six weeks the awkward period before inauguration.

Front 24

Twenty First Amendment, 1933

Back 24

It officially repealed Prohibition.

Front 25

Parity prices

Back 25

It was the price set for a product that gave it the same real value, in purchasing power that it had enjoyed during the period from 1909 to 1914.

Front 26

Dust Bowl

Back 26

It was a result from the dry farming techniques and mechanization from the revolutionized Great Plain agriculture to create as much grain as possible to sell for the high prices during WWI

Front 27

Grapes of Wrath

Back 27

John Steinbeck’s bet selling novel which proved to be the Uncle Tom’s Cabin of the Dust Bowl. It was a dismal story of the human tumble weeds (the Okies and the Arkies) who traveled to southern California.

Front 28

Security and Exchange Commission, 1934

Back 28

Created by Congress as a watchdog administrative agency to oversee the stock market.

Front 29

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Back 29

Using federal funds, this renovated five existing dams on the Tennessee River and built 20 new ones. It created thousands of jobs for the region, provided flood control and hydroelectric power.

Front 30

Federal Housing Authority (FHA)

Back 30

provided small loans to qualifying applicants for home improvements of building a new home

Front 31

Social Security Act

Back 31

established old-age pensions for retirees 65 or older.

Front 32

Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)

Back 32

Affirmed unions' rights to bargain collectively

Front 33

John L. Lewis

Back 33

He was the leader of the United Mine Workers Union that organized unskilled workers into effective unions.

Front 34

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Back 34

It was within the ranks of the skilled craft American Federation of Labor, but skilled workers had only shown luke-warm sympathy for the cause of unskilled labor.

Front 35

Sit down strike

Back 35

It was when the workers refused to leave the factory. It started in the General Motors at Flint Michigan.

Front 36

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

Back 36

established a national minimum wage and maximum work hours

Front 37

FDR’s court packing scheme

Back 37

Seven out of nine of Roosevelt’s New Deal cases were thwarted and it was because all of the justices were not appointed by FDR. Many of them were over seventy and were holding on to their positions because they felt it was their patriotic duty to curb the socialistic tendencies of that radical in the White House. Roosevelt bluntly asked Congress for legislation to permit him to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over seventy who would not retire. The maximum membership could then be fifteen. He pointed out that there needed to be new blood because the Court was far behind in its works.

Front 38

John Maynard Keynes

Back 38

He was a British economist who Roosevelt took recommendations from after the depression within depression occurred. Keynesiamism became the new economic orthodoxy and remained so for decades.

Front 39

Hatch Act, 1939

Back 39

It barred the federal administrative officials, except the highest policy making officers, from active political campaigning and soliciting. It also forbade the use of government funds of political purposes as well as the collection of campaign contributions from people receiving payments. The Act was later broadened in 1940 to place limits on campaign contributions and expenditures, but such clever ways of getting around it were found that on the whole legislation probed disappointing.