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41 Cards in this Set

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General ability of a host to resist infection or disease

Immunity

Skin, mucous membranes, ect. Nonspecific

Innate resistance mechanisms, nonspecific resistance, natural immunity

Defends against a particular agent, has a memory,

Adaptive immune response, aquired/specific immunity

Leukocytes in bone marrow due to a process known as

Hematopoiesis

Thick, closely packed skin cells producing keratins (scleroproteins)

Keratinocytes

Lyses bacteria by hydrolyzing the bonds in peptidoglycan cell wall. Produced in tears and secretions

Lysozyme

Released by activated phagocytic cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) takes iron from blood so invades dont have any,

Lactoferrin

Coats respiratory tract, transports microbes out by ciliary action, from lungs to the stomach

Mucociliary blanket/escalator

Produced by paneth cells in gastrointestinal tract

Cryptidins

Produce lysozyme and crypridins, live mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract

Paneth cells

Cationic peptide, alpha helical peptide,

Cathelicidin

Produced by humans to damage bacterial plasma membranes, form pores or transient gaps altering membrane permeability

Cationic peptides

Cationic peptide, disulfide linked, found in epithelial cells and degrade bacteria

Defensins

Cryptidins

Larger cationic peptides, regular structural repeats, antifungal activity, targets mitochondria

Histatin

Bacteria produced chemicals that are lethal to other strains or very similar bacteria

Bacteriocins

System involving 30 heat labile proteins that act in a cascading fashion to lyse cell membranes and augment phagocytosis. Activates leukocytes, bridges innate and specific immunity, and disposes of wastes

Complement system

Microorganisms or inantimate particles are covered in serum components to prepare them for phagocytosis

Opsonization

Initiated in response to bacterial or fungal molecules, binds to markers on the invader and signals phagocytic cell

Alternative complement pathway

Lipopolysaccharide, C3

Lectin initiates cascade

Lectin complement pathway

Mannose binding protein

Responds to microbial products, initiated by antibodies binding to antigen,

Classical complement pathway

Formed by binding of c5b, c6, c7, that stabilizes by binding pathogen membrane. Joined by c8 and c9, which creates a pore in the plasma membrane of cell, allowing Na and H2O to enter, or lysozyme

Membrane attack complex

Any soluble low molecular weight protein released by a cell population that acts as an intercellular mediator or signaller

Cytokine

Released from liver in response to injury, assist in preventing blood loss and readying for microbial invasion.

Acute phase proteins

Cells responsible for both innate defenses and adaptive immunity. Originate from stem cells in fetal liver and bone marrow

Leukocytes

Form from repeating chemical sequences produced by microbes, varying from proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids that are recognized by leukocytes

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

Receptors binding to pamps

Pattern recognition receptors

Acute phase proteins, mannose binding protein, c reactive protein

Bone marrow derived cells that differentiate in connective tissue, have granules, realease many chemicals into the environment including histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin, heparin, dopamine, platelet-activiating factor

Mast cells

Associated with allergies

Irregular nuclei with lobes, granules that kill microorganisms and stimulate inflammation

Granulocytes

A granulocyte with two lobed nuclei, similar to mast cells contain histamine

Basophils

Granules containing hydrolytic enzymes, migrate blood stream, defense against protozoans and heminth parasites, and downregulators of inflammation

Eosinophils

Granulocytes that are highly phagocytic, contain peroxidase, lysozyme, lactoferrin ect. To help digest foreign matter.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Mononuclear phagocytic leukocytes, plasma membrane with microvilli

Macrophages

Neuron like appendages, usuallu tissue bound, display antigens on cell membrane to share info

Dendritic cells

Major cells of adaptive immunity

Lymphocytes

Thymus gland, respond to specific antigens, become memory cells or become activated

T-cells

Circulate blood, mature in bone marrow, becomes a plasma cell that secretes antibodies

B cells

Attack and destroy malignant or microorganisms, nonphagocytic, no antigens, detect aberrant cells without major histocompatability complex protein, or destroy cells with stress or shock proteins on them, or those covered in antibodies.

Natural killer cells

Lymphoid organ were t cells mature

Thymus

Filters blood and traps blood borne particles

Spleen

Substances released that attract leukocytes

Chemotaxins

Opens junctions between cells to allow fluid and leukocytes into the tissue, binds mast cells and stimulates release of histamine,

Kallikrein