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41 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
General ability of a host to resist infection or disease |
Immunity |
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Skin, mucous membranes, ect. Nonspecific |
Innate resistance mechanisms, nonspecific resistance, natural immunity |
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Defends against a particular agent, has a memory, |
Adaptive immune response, aquired/specific immunity |
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Leukocytes in bone marrow due to a process known as |
Hematopoiesis |
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Thick, closely packed skin cells producing keratins (scleroproteins) |
Keratinocytes |
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Lyses bacteria by hydrolyzing the bonds in peptidoglycan cell wall. Produced in tears and secretions |
Lysozyme |
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Released by activated phagocytic cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) takes iron from blood so invades dont have any, |
Lactoferrin |
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Coats respiratory tract, transports microbes out by ciliary action, from lungs to the stomach |
Mucociliary blanket/escalator |
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Produced by paneth cells in gastrointestinal tract |
Cryptidins |
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Produce lysozyme and crypridins, live mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract |
Paneth cells |
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Cationic peptide, alpha helical peptide, |
Cathelicidin |
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Produced by humans to damage bacterial plasma membranes, form pores or transient gaps altering membrane permeability |
Cationic peptides |
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Cationic peptide, disulfide linked, found in epithelial cells and degrade bacteria |
Defensins |
Cryptidins |
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Larger cationic peptides, regular structural repeats, antifungal activity, targets mitochondria |
Histatin |
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Bacteria produced chemicals that are lethal to other strains or very similar bacteria |
Bacteriocins |
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System involving 30 heat labile proteins that act in a cascading fashion to lyse cell membranes and augment phagocytosis. Activates leukocytes, bridges innate and specific immunity, and disposes of wastes |
Complement system |
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Microorganisms or inantimate particles are covered in serum components to prepare them for phagocytosis |
Opsonization |
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Initiated in response to bacterial or fungal molecules, binds to markers on the invader and signals phagocytic cell |
Alternative complement pathway |
Lipopolysaccharide, C3 |
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Lectin initiates cascade |
Lectin complement pathway |
Mannose binding protein |
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Responds to microbial products, initiated by antibodies binding to antigen, |
Classical complement pathway |
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Formed by binding of c5b, c6, c7, that stabilizes by binding pathogen membrane. Joined by c8 and c9, which creates a pore in the plasma membrane of cell, allowing Na and H2O to enter, or lysozyme |
Membrane attack complex |
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Any soluble low molecular weight protein released by a cell population that acts as an intercellular mediator or signaller |
Cytokine |
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Released from liver in response to injury, assist in preventing blood loss and readying for microbial invasion. |
Acute phase proteins |
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Cells responsible for both innate defenses and adaptive immunity. Originate from stem cells in fetal liver and bone marrow |
Leukocytes |
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Form from repeating chemical sequences produced by microbes, varying from proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids that are recognized by leukocytes |
Pathogen associated molecular patterns |
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Receptors binding to pamps |
Pattern recognition receptors |
Acute phase proteins, mannose binding protein, c reactive protein |
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Bone marrow derived cells that differentiate in connective tissue, have granules, realease many chemicals into the environment including histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin, heparin, dopamine, platelet-activiating factor |
Mast cells |
Associated with allergies |
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Irregular nuclei with lobes, granules that kill microorganisms and stimulate inflammation |
Granulocytes |
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A granulocyte with two lobed nuclei, similar to mast cells contain histamine |
Basophils |
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Granules containing hydrolytic enzymes, migrate blood stream, defense against protozoans and heminth parasites, and downregulators of inflammation |
Eosinophils |
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Granulocytes that are highly phagocytic, contain peroxidase, lysozyme, lactoferrin ect. To help digest foreign matter. |
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils |
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Mononuclear phagocytic leukocytes, plasma membrane with microvilli |
Macrophages |
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Neuron like appendages, usuallu tissue bound, display antigens on cell membrane to share info |
Dendritic cells |
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Major cells of adaptive immunity |
Lymphocytes |
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Thymus gland, respond to specific antigens, become memory cells or become activated |
T-cells |
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Circulate blood, mature in bone marrow, becomes a plasma cell that secretes antibodies |
B cells |
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Attack and destroy malignant or microorganisms, nonphagocytic, no antigens, detect aberrant cells without major histocompatability complex protein, or destroy cells with stress or shock proteins on them, or those covered in antibodies. |
Natural killer cells |
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Lymphoid organ were t cells mature |
Thymus |
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Filters blood and traps blood borne particles |
Spleen |
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Substances released that attract leukocytes |
Chemotaxins |
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Opens junctions between cells to allow fluid and leukocytes into the tissue, binds mast cells and stimulates release of histamine, |
Kallikrein |
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