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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults. Which evolution follows the latter, more radical kind of metamorphosis? |
Changes in the homeobox genes governing early development |
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Which of the following is/are unique to animals? A) cells that have mitochondria B) the structural carbohydrate, chitin C) nervous conduction and muscular movement D) heterotrophy E) both A and C |
C) nervous conduction and muscular movement |
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The number of legs an insect had, the number of vertebrate in a vertebral column or the number of joints in a digit, are all strongly influenced by? |
Hox genes |
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What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common? |
Presence of Hox genes |
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The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in what sequence, (earliest to most recent)? 1. Identity and position of paired appendages in protostome embryos 2. Formation of water channels in sponges 3. Anterior-posterior orientation segments in protostome embryos 4. Positioning of tentacles in cnidarians 5. Anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos |
2 -> 4 -> 3 -> 1 -> 5 |
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The las common ancestor of all animals was probably a? |
Flagellated protist |
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Which genetic process may be most helpful in accounting for the Cambrian explosion? |
Gene duplication |
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Whatever it's ultimate cause, the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of? |
Adaptive radiation |
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Soon after the coelom begins to form, a researcher injects a dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo. Initially, the dye should be able to flow directly into the..? |
Archenteron |
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A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming none of the genes is absolutely conserved which set of genes would be the best choice to base the phylogeny on? |
Collagen genes |
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What is the correct sequence of the following four events during an animals development? 1. Gastrulation 2. Metamorphosis 3. Fertilization 4. Cleavage |
3 -> 4 -> 1 -> 2 |
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Which of the following is a correct association of an animal germ layer with the tissues or organs to which it gives rise? |
Mesoderm: central nervous system |
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You are trying to identify an organism. It is an animal, but it doesn't have nerve or muscle tissue. It's neither diploblastic nor triploblastic. It's probably a? |
Sponge |
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Organisms that are neither coelomate nor pseudoceolomate should, apart from their digestive system, have bodies that..? |
Are solid with tissue |
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The blastopore is a structure that first becomes evident during..? |
Gastrulation |
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The blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm-lined cavity in the developing embryo, a cavity that is know as the.. |
Archenteron |
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The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having..? |
True tissues or no true tissues |
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What does recent evidence from molecular systematics reveal about the relationship between grades and clades? |
Some, but not all, grades reflect evolutionary relatedness. |
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What is characteristic of all ecdysozoans? |
Some kind of exoskeleton or hard outer covering |
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According to the evidence collected so far, the animal kingdom is... |
Monophyletic |
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What is true of all the clade Ecdysozoa? |
It includes all animals with genetic similarities that are shared with no other animal |
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Which distinction is given more emphasis by the morphological phylogeny than by the molecular phylogeny? |
Protosome and deuterostome |
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Which statements, if true, would support the claim that the ancestral cnidarians had bilateral symmetry? |
-Cnidarian larvae possess anterior-posterior, left-right, and dorsal-ventral aspects - Beta-catenin turns out to be essential for gastrulation in all animals in which it occurs |
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Some researcher claim that sponge genomes have homeotic genes, but no hox genes. If true, this finding would..? |
Confirm the identity of sponges as "basal animals" |
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Why is cephalization an indicator of an active lifestyle? |
Globalization is mostly found in animals with bilateral symmetry and the symmetry of an animal generally fits it's lifestyle. Cephalization indicates a central nervous system, which allows the animals to coordinate the complex movements involved in things like flying or swimming. |
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Why can't protostome have identical twins? |
The determinate cleavage means the developmental fate of each cell is determined. A cell isolated at the four-cell stage, can't develop into a whole animal, instead after multiple divisions would form an invisible embryo that lacks many parts. |
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Provided at least 1 way animals differ from plants and fungi. |
- Animals don't have the structural support of cell walls - Animals ingest their food (not photosynthesis or absorbing it) - Animals reproduce sexually, in the haploid stage sperm and egg cells are produced directly by meiotic division, unlike plants and fungi |
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What are the 3 germ layers? |
1. Ectoderm: outer layer covering embryos surface 2. Endoderm: innermost layer, lines the pouch 3. Mesoderm: fills space between ectoderm and endoderm |
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Archenteron |
The endoderm-lining cavity, formed during gastrulation, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal |
