Chapter 32: Introduction To Animal Diversity

Front 1

Vertebrates

Back 1

-Have skeleton

-Vertebral column (spine)

-Endoskeleton

Front 2

Invertebrates

Back 2

-No skeleton at all

-exoskeleton (hard shell)

Front 3

Animals

Back 3

are multicellular heterotrophs

-Cell structure lack cell wall

-Nervous tissue - to respond rapidly to environmental stimuli

Front 4

First animals to evolve were

Back 4

invertebrates

Front 5

Closest living relative of animals

Back 5

Choanoflagellate have the cone that filters food

Front 6

Classification based on body plans

Back 6

-Tissue Types

-Symmetry

-Embryonic Development

Front 7

Cephalization

Back 7

Localization of sensory structures at the anterior end of body

Front 8

Kingdom Animalia

Back 8

-Multicellular Heterotrophs

-Mobility

-Eukaryotes

-Cell structure - flexible plasma membrane

- Extracellular matrix

-Reproduction usually sexual

Front 9

Tissue Types

Back 9

-Parazoa

-Eumetazoa

Front 10

Parazoa

Back 10

-Lack specialized tissues

-Have different cell types

-Cell associations temporary

-Phylum Porifera-sponges

Front 11

Eumetazoa

Back 11

Have specialized tissues

-Sensory cells

Front 12

Symmetry

Back 12

-Asymmetrical

-Radial

-Bilateral

Front 13

Asymmetrical

Back 13

no symmetry

Front 14

Radial

Back 14

Oral and Aboral sides symmetrical anywhere you cut

-2 germ layers

Front 15

Bilateral

Back 15

-Cephalization

-Dorsal and ventral ends

-3 germ layers

cut right down middle

Front 16

Bilateria have ___________ cell layers

Back 16

Triploblasts

3 germ layers

Front 17

Radiata have ________ cell layers

Back 17

Diploblasts

2 germ layers

Front 18

Cell layers develop during

Back 18

Gastulation

Front 19

Ectoderm

Back 19

Outer layer

Front 20

Endoderm

Back 20

Inside

Front 21

Mesoderm

Back 21

Middle between Ectoderm and endoderm

Front 22

Gastrulation

Back 22

the endoderm forms and indentation

Front 23

Blastula Stage (hollow ball)

Back 23

-Cells start to fold inward as they divide

-Creates 3 layers in bilateral animalas

Front 24

Embryonic Development of bilateria

Back 24

-Protostome

-Deuterostome

Front 25

Protostome

Back 25

-Spiral cleavage

-Cleavage is determinate

-Blastopore becomes mouth

(if cell separate they have potential to develop into an entire organism)

Front 26

Deuterostome

Back 26

-Radial cleavage

-Cleavage is indeterminate - pluripotent stem cells

-Blastoore becomes anus

-If separate they will die

Front 27

Body Cavities

Back 27

-True coelom (Coelomates)

-Pseudocoelomates

-Acoelomates

Front 28

Coelom

Back 28

-Fluid filled body cavity

-Protects internal organs or is hydrostatic skeleton

Front 29

True Coelom (Coelomates)

Back 29

Fluid-filled body cavity

Completely lined by mesoderm

-muscle layer covers the circle

Front 30

Pseudocoelomates

Back 30

fluid filled sacs still circle

Front 31

Acoelomates

Back 31

No coelom at all oval

Front 32

Exoskeleton

Back 32

Outside shell

Front 33

Endoskeleton

Back 33

Bony or cartilage structure of vertebrates

Front 34

Notochord

Back 34

a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals.

Front 35

Segmentation

Back 35

traced to changes in Hox genes

divide into segments

Front 36

New molecular techniques to classify animals

Back 36

Similarities in

-DNA nucleotide sequences

-Ribosomal RNA

-Proteins: Amino Acid sequences

Front 37

Multicellular heterotrophs lacking cell wall is known as

Back 37

Animals

Front 38

An animal is an organisms best described as

Back 38

A multicellular heterotroph that lacks cell wall and is motile at some point during life cycle

Front 39

Ancestor in which animals evolved from

Back 39

The colonial flagellated protist Choanoflagelllate

Front 40

What are germ layers

Back 40

Layers of cells in an embryo that form the organs

Front 41

Cleavage

Back 41

-A succession of rapid cell division with no significant growth that produces a hollow sphere of cells called a blastula

Front 42

Deuterosomes the blastopore

Back 42

develops into the anus

Front 43

Within the bilateria animals can be divided into three major division based on the presence and structure of a body cavity called

Back 43

coelom

Front 44

In the development of embroyo invagination of the blastula known as ________ is needed to allow germ layers to form.

Back 44

Gastrulation

Front 45

Animals are divided into two subgroups based on the presence or absence of different tissue types: the group _______ contains animals that generally do not have specialized tissue types, and the group ______ contains animals that have one or more types of tissues

Back 45

1) Parazoa

2) Eumetazoa

Front 46

History of animal life

Back 46

1) appearance of invertebrate animals

2) The Cambrian explosion of animal diversity

3)Appearance of vertebrate animals

4) Colonization of land

5) the post-cretaceous explosion of mammalian diversity

Front 47

Based on the molecular data and their morphological similarity to a certain type of cell found in sponges ________ are thought to be the closest living relative of animals

Back 47

Choanoflagellates

Front 48

During embryonic development, a hollow sphere of cells called the _______ forms following rapid mitotic division of the zygote

Back 48

blastula

Front 49

When an animals body is divided into a number of nearly identical units of regions, it has ____ body plan

Back 49

Segmented

Front 50

Characteristics of the clade Lophotrochozoa include

Back 50

-A larval form that swims using a ciliated band

-A horseshoe-shaped crown of tentacles used in feeding