Chapter 31: Asepsis

Front 1

The collective vegetation in a given area.

Back 1

Resident Flora

Front 2

The most common congenital infection.

Back 2

CMV, or CytoMegaloVirus

Front 3

Showing no signs of infection.

Back 3

Asymptomatic (subclinical)

Front 4

A microorganism's ability to produce disease.

Back 4

Virulence

Front 5

A detectable alteration in normal tissue function.

Back 5

Disease

Front 6

A disease that can be transferred through direct or indirect contact.

Back 6

Communicable

Front 7

The ability to produce a disease

Back 7

Pathogenicity

Front 8

A pathogen which causes disease only in a susceptible individual

Back 8

Opportunistic

Front 9

The freedom from disease-causing microorganisms

Back 9

Asepsis

Front 10

All practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and transmission of microorganisms

Back 10

Medical Asepsis

Front 11

Absence of most microorganisms

Back 11

Clean

Front 12

Likely to have some microorganisms

Back 12

Dirty

Front 13

Practices that destroy all microorganisms and spores

Back 13

Surgical Asepsis

Front 14

The state of infection

Back 14

Sepsis

Front 15

The process in which strains of microorganisms become resident flora

Back 15

Colonization

Front 16

Infection limited to a specific part of the body

Back 16

Local

Front 17

Infection in multiple parts of the body

Back 17

Systemic

Front 18

Microorganisms revealed in blood culture signifies what?

Back 18

Bacteremia

Front 19

Bacteremia resulting in systemic infection

Back 19

Septicemia

Front 20

Infections that appear suddenly or last a short time

Back 20

Acute

Front 21

Infections that come on slowly or last a long time

Back 21

Chronic

Front 22

Infections associated with the delivery of health care

Back 22

Nosocomial

Front 23

Microorganisms originate from the client

Back 23

Endogenous

Front 24

Microorganisms originate from the environment

Back 24

Exogenous

Front 25

Most common nosocomial infection microorganisms

Back 25

E Coli, Staph Aureus, and Enterococci

Front 26

Most common nosocomial infection sites

Back 26

Urinary tract, respiratory tract, bloodstream, and wounds

Front 27

Nosocomial infections caused by diagnostic or therapeutic procedures

Back 27

Iatrogenic Infection

Front 28

Six links of the chain of infection

Back 28

Etiologic Agent, Reservoir (source), Portal of Exit from Reservoir, Method of Transmission, Portal of Entry to Susceptible Host, and Susceptible Host

Front 29

A person or animal reservoir that carries an infectious agent but shows no clinical signs of disease

Back 29

Carrier

Front 30

Immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person

Back 30

Direct Transmission

Front 31

Vehicle borne or vector borne transmission

Back 31

Indirect Transmission

Front 32

Droplet nuclei or dust particles

Back 32

Airborne Transmission

Front 33

A person at increased risk of infection

Back 33

Compromised Host

Front 34

Defenses that protect against all microorganisms regardless of prior exposure

Back 34

Nonspecific Defenses

Front 35

Defenses that protect against identifiable infectious agents

Back 35

Specific (Immune) Defenses

Front 36

Signs of infection

Back 36

Pain, swelling, heat, redness, and impaired function

Front 37

Mechanical objects causing trauma to tissue, excessive heat, cold, or radiation

Back 37

Physical agents

Front 38

External irritants and internal irritants

Back 38

Chemical Agents

Front 39

Stag I of inflammatory response

Back 39

Vascular and cellular responses

Front 40

Stage II of inflammatory response

Back 40

Exudate production

Front 41

Stage III of inflammatory response

Back 41

Reparative phase

Front 42

Increased blood flow to an injured area that causes redness and heat

Back 42

Hyperemia

Front 43

Fluid, proteins and leukocytes leaking into interstitial areas swelling and pain

Back 43

Causes of swelling and pain

Front 44

Increased production of leukocytes caused by loss of leukocytes from the blood

Back 44

Leukocytosis

Front 45

Serous, purulent, and hemorrhagic

Back 45

Major types of exudate

Front 46

Antibodies produced by the body in response to an antigen, usually long lasting

Back 46

Active Immunity

Front 47

Antibodies produced by an outside source (human or animal), usually short-lived

Back 47

Passive Immunity

Front 48

Lab data indicating presence of infection

Back 48

Elevated leukocyte level
Increase in specific types of WBCs
Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Positive cultures

Front 49

Goals for clients susceptible to infection

Back 49

Maintain or restore defenses
Reduce spread of infection
Reduce or alleviate problems caused by infection

Front 50

One of the most effective infection control measures

Back 50

Hand Hygiene