Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
how many gallons of water does the average american use
|
150
|
|
|
how many gallons of waste water and pounds of trash does the american use
|
120 gallons of waste water, 5 pounds of trash
|
|
|
what is damaging in sewage water
|
high nutrient content
|
|
|
why is high nutrient content in water damaging
|
leads to rapid growth of microbes
|
|
|
what happens if the microbes rapidly grow in water
|
it depletes O2 resulting in animals death
|
|
|
what does effective wastewater treatment have to decrease 3 things
|
decrease the level of organic compounds, pathogens, and pollutants
|
|
|
what is biochemical oxygen demand
|
the amount of O2 required for the microbes to decomp organic material
|
|
|
biochemical oxygen demand indicates what when levels are high
|
large amount of degradable materialare present
|
|
|
when bod levels are high, and there is a lot of degradable material, how does that evffect the recieving water
|
it means large amounts of O2 could be consumed, killing the animals in the water.
|
|
|
what does primary treatment remove percents
|
50% solids, 25% bod
|
|
|
what does the primary treatment of water accomplish
|
removes large waste like scum
|
|
|
what does the secondary treatment do
|
converts suspended solids into inorganic coumpounds
|
|
|
what percent bod does the secondary treatment remove
|
95
|
|
|
what does secondary treatment use
|
microbes
|
|
|
what does primary treatment use
|
skimmers and filters/screens
|
|
|
in the secondary treatment, aerobes oxidise organic materials into what
|
co2 and h2o
|
|
|
what is the activated sludge process what does it use
|
biofilms
|
|
|
how does activated sludge system work
|
mixes water and aerate, allowing more microbes to break down organic material into co2
|
|
|
how does the trickling system filter
|
an arm constantly roates effluent over a bed of rocks that harbors biofilm. the effluent then trickles down to the next treatment
|
|
|
how does lagoon work
|
wastewater is channeled into a shallow pond
|
|
|
in a lagoon, how long does the water sit for?
|
a month or so
|
|
|
what happens after the water sits for a month in a lagoon
|
algae and cyanobacteria grow prviding oxygen to allow aerobes to degrade organic materials
|
|
|
what is the constructed wetland system
|
similar to lagoon except that wildlife lives there
|
|
|
advanced treatments include what
|
disinfection and anaerobic digestion
|
|
|
what does disinfection use as advanced treatment
|
disinfection uses chlorine, ozone, or UV light
|
|
|
what does disinfection using chlorine, ozone, or UV light decrease
|
to decrease numbers of microbes and viruses
|
|
|
in anaerobic digestion, what are organic compounds broken down to
|
organic acids, co2 h2
|
|
|
in anaerobic digestion, what are organic acids, co2 and h2 converted into
|
acetate, h2 and co2
|
|
|
what is in anaerobic digestion acetate, co2, and h2 converted into
|
methane CH4
|
|
|
what is the chem name for methan
|
ch4
|
|
|
where do large cities typically obtain their water from
|
surface waters
|
|
|
where do smaller communities get their water from
|
groundwater
|
|
|
water treatment processes are designed to eliminate what 2
|
pathogenic microbes, chemicals
|
|
|
in the water treatment process, water flows where first
|
reservoirs
|
|
|
what happens to water after it is flowed into a reservoir in water treatment process
|
particulate matter settles
|
|
|
where does water go after the reservoir in water treatment processes
|
transfered to tank
|
|
|
what happens after water is transfered to a tank in water treatment
|
mixed with chemicals
|
|
|
what do the chemicals in water treament tank do
|
suspended material to coagulate
|
|
|
why is water filtered in water treatment processes what is removed
|
to remove microbes
|
|
|
what type of microbes are removed during water treatment
|
oocytes, bacteria,cysts
|
|
|
how are organic chemivals removed by water treatment system
|
charcoal filtration
|
|
|
what is used to cause less microbial growth in pipes of water treatment systems
|
biofilms on filters
|
|
|
what do the biofilms on filters do
|
use carbon from water
|
|
|
what does the usage of carbon from water do from biofilms on filters
|
less microbial growth on delivery pipes
|
|
|
what does water treated by chlorine kill
|
harmful viruses bacteria or protazoa
|
|
|
disinfection by products of chlorine may be wahat
|
carcinogenic
|
|
|
what has been used as alternative to chlorine
|
uv ozone treatments
|
|
|
UV ozone treatment still uses a small amount of what
|
chlorine
|
|
|
what consumes free chlorine
|
organic compounds
|
|
|
in waters with high concentration of organic compounds in water treatment centers what is needed more
|
chlorine is needed more
|
|
|
what are tested for in water since it is not feasible to test for all pathogens
|
indicator organisms
|
|
|
where are indicator organisms found in
|
feces
|
|
|
which survives longer intestinal or fecal/indicator organisms
|
fecal
|
|
|
what are the most common type of indicator organisms
|
total coliforms
|
|
|
what family are the total coliforms
|
lactose fermenting
|
|
|
where are indicator organisms found in
|
feces
|
|
|
what is the family name for total coniformis
|
Enterobacteriaceae
|
|
|
which survives longer intestinal or fecal/indicator organisms
|
fecal
|
|
|
what genus is in enterobacteriaceae
|
Escherichia coli
|
|
|
what are the most common type of indicator organisms
|
total coliforms
|
|
|
Enterobacteriacereae are anaerobic or aerobic
|
anaerobic
|
|
|
what family are the total coliforms
|
lactose fermenting
|
|
|
enterobacteriacereae are what type of bacteria
|
gram negative
|
|
|
what is the family name for total coniformis
|
Enterobacteriaceae
|
|
|
enterobacteriaceae are what shape
|
rod shape
|
|
|
what genus is in enterobacteriaceae
|
Escherichia coli
|
|
|
enterobacteriaceae do not form what
|
spores
|
|
|
Enterobacteriacereae are anaerobic or aerobic
|
anaerobic
|
|
|
enterobacteriacereae are what type of bacteria
|
gram negative
|
|
|
enterobacteriaceae are what shape
|
rod shape
|
|
|
enterobacteriaceae do not form what
|
spores
|
|
|
what do enterobacteriaceae ferment
|
lactose
|
|
|
what degree does enterobacteriaceae ferment lactose
|
35 degrees celcius
|
|
|
enterobacteriaceae form what within 48 hours 2
|
gas and acid
|
|
|
what specific total coliforms are commonly fromt the intestines
|
fecal coliforms
|
|
|
what is the most common fecal coniforms
|
E. Coli
|
