Chapter 30 History

Front 1

Counterculture

Back 1

movement that upheld values different from those of mainstream culture

Front 2

The Beat

Back 2

emphasized freedom from materialism and the importance of personal experience. Stimulated Vietnam antiwar movement

Front 3

Generation gap

Back 3

lack of understanding and communication between older and younger members of society

Front 4

Beatles

Back 4

English rock band whose protest songs became "a weapon of cultural revolution."

Front 5

commune

Back 5

small community where people share resources

Front 6

Timothy Leary

Back 6

A political radical that preached that drugs could free the mind, and he encouraged American youths to "tune in," "turn on" to drugs, and "drop out" of mainstream society.

Front 7

Feminism

Back 7

Theory that women and men should have political, social, and economic equality

Front 8

NOW

Back 8

National Organization for Women; established by Betty Friedan to combat discrimination against women

Front 9

ERA

Back 9

Equal Rights Amendment proposed to the Constitution to guarantee gender equality

Front 10

Migrant Farmworker

Back 10

person who travels from farm to farm to pick fruits and vegetables

Front 11

UFW

Back 11

United Farm Workers; a labor union of farm workers th used nonviolent tactics, including a workers' strike and a consumer boycott of table grapes

Front 12

Chicano Movement

Back 12

movement that focused on raising Mexican American consciousness

Front 13

AIM

Back 13

American Indian Movement; a group that focused on helping Indians,, including that securing of legal rights, land, and self-government for Native Americans

Front 14

Toxic waste

Back 14

poisonous byproducts of human activity

Front 15

Earth Day

Back 15

annual event of environmental activism and protest, begun in 1970

Front 16

EPA

Back 16

Environmental Protection Agency; government agency committed to cleaning up and protecting the environment

Front 17

Clean Air Act

Back 17

Act passed in 1970 that lessened air pollution by limiting the emissions from factories and automobiles

Front 18

Clan Water Act

Back 18

1973 law that restricted the pollution of water by industry and agriculture

Front 19

Endangered Species Act

Back 19

Law passed in 1973 to protect endangered species of plants and animals

Front 20

Silent majority

Back 20

phrase introduced by President Richard Nixon to refer to a significant number of Americans who support his policies but chose not to express their views

Front 21

Stagflation

Back 21

term for economic condition created in the late 1960s and 1970s by high inflation combined with stagnant economic growth and high unemployment

Front 22

OPEC

Back 22

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; group of countries that sells oil to other nations and cooperates to regulate the price and supply of oil

Front 23

Southern Strategy

Back 23

tactic of the Republican Party for winning presidential elections by securing the electoral votes for southern votes of southern states

Front 24

Affirmative action

Back 24

policy that gives special consideration to women and minorities to make up for past discrimination

Front 25

Watergate

Back 25

political scandal involving illegal activities that ultimately led to the resignation of President Nixon in 1974

Front 26

Twenty-Fifth Amendment

Back 26

Constitutional amendment ratified in 1967 that deals with presidential succession, vice presidential vacancy, and presidential inability

Front 27

Executive Privilege

Back 27

Principle that the president has the right to keep certain communications between himself and other members of the executive branch private

Front 28

Pardon

Back 28

official forgiveness for a crime and its punishement

Front 29

Christian fundamentalist

Back 29

individual who believes in strict, literal interpretation of the Bible as the foundation of the Christian faith

Front 30

Helsinki Accores

Back 30

agreement made in 1975 among the U.S., Canada, and European nations, and the Soviet Union, in which all nations agreed to support human rights

Front 31

Human rights

Back 31

basic rights automatically held by every human being, including religious freedom, education, and equality

Front 32

SALT II

Back 32

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II; proposed, unratified agreement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to limit certain types of nuclear arms production

Front 33

Developing World

Back 33

counties that are less economically advanced than developed countries such as the United States

Front 34

Camp David Accords

Back 34

1978 agreement brokered by President Jimmy Carter between Egyptian and Israeli leaders that made a peace treaty between the two nations possible