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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nicholas II
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-Last czar
-no real reforms -Bloody Sunday (fired on workers); led to first Duma - Dragged Russia into war - Abdicated throne in March Revolution, executed a year later |
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March Revolution
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-Started with bread and fuel shortage; soldiers switch sides
- Nicholas abdicates throne - Leaders of Duma set up provisional govt. (Alexander Kerensky) - Soviets formed, more influencal than govt |
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Vladimir Lenin
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-Marxist
-Leader of Bolsheviks -well organised, ruthless - Germans sent him back to hurt Russian war effort -"All power to soviets" -"Peace, land and bread" - Bolshevik Red Guards arrest enemies - Lenin in power: land to peasants and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk -Started civil war (Red vs White) -New Economic Policy -became USSR -Dictatorship of communist party |
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Bolsheviks
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-headed by Lenin
-arrest enemies -take over provisional govt - faces civil war (White Army); crushes them -turns into Communist Party -"dictatorship of the Communist Party" |
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Bolshevik Revolution
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-Lenin returns from Germany
-:All power to soviets" - "Peace, Land and bread" - arresting leaders of provisional govt -land to peasants, factories to workers -Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (lose territory to GER) |
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War Communism
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- Land and industry given to “people”, reality was it remained with govt.
- Rules for production, wages and prices • Took the food from the countryside and put into cities, failure, makes conditions worse |
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Russian Civil War
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- Red Guards vs White Army
- Desire to defeat Bolsheviks united them -Aftermath: many dead, czar dead, economy dead, moscow new capital |
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Reds and White
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Reds - Bolsheviks
Whites - Everybody else who wanted something else, united to defeat Bolsheviks |
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New Economic Policy
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- Small scale capitalism, some private ownership of small factories and farms
-could sell surplus |
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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Lenin organized Russia into self-governing republics under central govt.; became USSR
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Joseph Stalin
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-"Man of steel"
- General secretary - Lenin believe he was dangerous - Gained total command after Lenin died - Propaganda, Police state, educated kids, religious persecution (totalitarian state) - The Great Purge - Command economy---> *Five-Year Plans (high quotas for steel, coal, oil, and electricity) *Collective farms (all little farms into big farm to produce food for state) |
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Totalitarian state
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- Police state
- Propaganda and censorship - Interfered with education - Religious persecution |
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Great Purge
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- Campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened Stalin's power (i.e. Old bolsheviks)
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His goals
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To be strong enough to stop next foreign attack
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Command Economy
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the govt makes all economic decisions.
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Five-year Plans
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- high quotas
- increase output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity - led to shortage of housing, food, clothing, etc |
