Chapter 3 Words

Front 1

Acromion process

Back 1

Lateral protrusion of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder

Front 2

Antrum

Back 2

Any nearly closed cavity or chamber

Front 3

Arthrocentesis

Back 3

Surgical puncture and aspiration of a joint to obtain synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes

Front 4

Arthroplasty

Back 4

A plastic surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint to restore mobility

Front 5

Arthroscopy

Back 5

Examination of the interior of a joint by insertion of an arthroscope through an incision

Front 6

Articular cartilage

Back 6

Covers the ends of many bones and serves a protective function

Front 7

Bone depression

Back 7

Any groove, opening or hollow space is a depression hey provide an entrance and exit for vessels and protection for the organs they hold: Fissure, Foramen, Fossa, Sinus, Sulcus

Front 8

Bone process

Back 8

Raised or projected areas are called processes. Often areas of attachment for ligaments or tendons: Condyle, Crest, Epicondyle, Head, Spine, Trochanter, Tubercle, Tuberosity

Front 9

Bones store the minerals

Back 9

calcium [Ca] and Phosphorus [P]

Front 10

Bursa

Back 10

Sacs of fluid that are located between the bones of a joint and the tendons that hold the muscles in place. They help cushion the joints when they move. Many Synovial joints have bursae (sing. Bursa)

Front 11

Calcaneus

Back 11

"Large bone making up the heel of the human foot is categorized as an irregular bone. It is also known as the heel bone."

Front 12

Cartilage

Back 12

Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of collagenous fibers and/or elastin fibers, and cells called chondrocytes, all of which are embedded in a firm gel-like ground substance called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage serves several functions, including providing a framework upon which bone deposition can begin and supplying smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones. Cartilage is found in many places in the body including the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes and between intervertebral discs. There are three main types of cartilage: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage.

Front 13

Dislocation

Back 13

A bone that is completely out of its place in a joint

Front 14

Endosteum

Back 14

The inner aspect of a bone . Together with the periosteum they hold the cells responsible for bone remodeling: the Osteoblasts and the Osteoclasts.

Front 15

Fascia

Back 15

Tough fibrous covering of the muscles (and some nerves and blood vessels)

Front 16

Fornix

Back 16

Any vaultlike or arched body (vaginal fornix)

Front 17

hematopoiesis

Back 17

The continual formation of blood by the bones

Front 18

Hilum

Back 18

Recess, exit or entrance of a duct into a gland or of nerves and vessels into an organ (hilum of kidney)

Front 19

Ilium

Back 19

The superior and widest bone of the pelvis

Front 20

Ischium

Back 20

The lower portion of the pelvic bone

Front 21

Joint

Back 21

Joint or Articulations, are the parts of the body where two or more bones of the skeleton join. Joints provide range of motion (ROM). Examples are knee, which joins the tibia and the femur. Elbow, joins the humerus with the radius and ulna.

Front 22

Ligament

Back 22

Fibrous bands of tissue. Bones are attached to Bones by Ligaments.

Front 23

Lumen

Back 23

The space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube (intestinal lumen, lumen of the arteries)

Front 24

Malleolus

Back 24

Process on the distal ends of the tibia and fibula

Front 25

Matrix

Back 25

Material between the cells (of the bones)

Front 26

Metaphysis

Back 26

The epiphysis and epiphyseal plates together form the metaphysis.

Front 27

Muscle

Back 27

Muscle (from Latin musculus "little mouse"[1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. It is classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle[2], and its function is to produce force and cause motion, either locomotion or movement within internal organs. Much of muscle contraction occurs without conscious thought and is necessary for survival, like the contraction of the heart, or peristalsis (which pushes food through the digestive system). Voluntary muscle contraction is used to move the body, and can be finely controlled, like movements of the eye, or gross movements like the quadriceps muscle of the thigh. There are two broad types of voluntary muscle fibers, slow twitch and fast twitch. Slow twitch fibers contract for long periods of time but with little force while fast twitch fibers contract quickly and powerfully but fatigue very rapidly.

Front 28

Muscles are attached to bones by:

Back 28

Bands of tissue called Tendons

Front 29

Musculoskeletal System

Back 29

Consists of three interrelated parts: bones, articulations (joints), and muscles

Front 30

Olecranon

Back 30

A proximal projection of the ulna that forms the tip of the elbow

Front 31

Osteoblasts

Back 31

Cells that build bone

Front 32

Osteoclasts

Back 32

Cells that breakdown bone

Front 33

Osteocytes

Back 33

Mature bone cells

Front 34

Periosteum

Back 34

Outer covering of a bone

Front 35

Prosthesis

Back 35

An artificial body part that is constructed to replace missing limbs, eyes, and other body parts (pl. prostheses)

Front 36

Pubis or Pubic bone

Back 36

Lower anterior part of pelvic bone

Front 37

Range of motion (ROM)

Back 37

The range through which a joint can be extended and flexed. Different joints have different ROM. Synarthroses - No ROM are immovable joints joined together by fibrous cartilaginous tissue. Example: the suture lines of the skull. Amphiarthroses - Limited ROM- joints joined together by cartilage that are slightly moveable. Example: vertebrae of the spine or pubic bones. Diarthroses - Full ROM or also called synovial joints. joints have free movement. Examples: ball-and-socket joint (hip) and hinge joints (knees). Other examples include the elbows, wrists, shoulders, and ankles. Most complex of the joints. Many have bursae (singular bursa). These joints also have joint capsules that enclose the ends of the bones, a synovial membrane that lines the joint capsule and secretes fluid to lubricate the joint, articular cartilage that covers and protects the bone.

Front 38

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 38

Inflammatory joint disease believed to be autoimmune in nature; occurs in a much younger population (ages 20-45)

Front 39

Scoliosis

Back 39

Lateral 'S' curve of the spine that can cause an individual lose inches in height

Front 40

Spinal stenosis

Back 40

Abnormal condition of narrowing of the spinal canal with attendant pain, sometimes caused by osteoarthritis or spondylolisthesis

Front 41

Sprain

Back 41

A traumatic injury to a joint involving the soft tissue; muscles, ligaments and tendons. Swelling, pain, and discoloration of the skin may be present. Severity is measured in grades

Front 42

Strain

Back 42

A lesser injury than a strain, usually described as an overuse or overstretching of a muscle.

Front 43

Subluxation

Back 43

Partial displacement of a bone at a joint. It can be congenital or an acquired condition.

Front 44

Tendon

Back 44

Muscles are attached to bones by strong fibrous bands of connective tissue called Tendons

Front 45

Vestibule

Back 45

A small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal (vestibule of the ear)