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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Molecule That Supports All of Life |
-All organisms are composed of mostly water -Water is the biological medium on Earth -Water is the only common substance to exist in the natural environment in all 3 physical states of matter: [solid, liquid, gas] |
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3.1 The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding |
-Shaped something like a wide V, with two hydrogen atoms, joined to the oxygen atom by single covalent bonds -Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the electrons of the covalent bonds spend more time closer to oxygen then hydrogen= polar covalent bonds |
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Polar Molecule |
-Unequal distribution of electron -Two ends of the molecule have opposite charges -When water is in its liquid form, its hydrogen bonds are very fragile |
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3.2 Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth's fitness for life |
- Four emergent properties of water
-[Cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent] |
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Cohesion |
-Water molecules stay close to each other b/c of hydrogen bonding -The hydrogen bonds hold the substance together= cohesion -Cohesion contributes to the transport of water and dissolved nutrients against gravity in plants |
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Adhesion |
-Water reaches from roots to leaves through water conducting cells
-Adhesion of water to cell walls by hydrogen bonds help counter downward pull of gravity |
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Surface Tension |
-The measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
-Water has more surface tension -Interface between water and air has an ordered arrangement of water molecules, hydrogen-bonded to one another and to the water below -Some animals can walk on water |
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Moderation in Temperature |
-Water moderates air temperature by absorbing heat from air that is warmer and releasing stored heat
-Water effective as heat bank bc it can absorb or release large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature |
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Kinetic Energy |
-Anything that moves has kinetic energy, energy of motion
-Faster a molecule moves, the greater the kinetic energy |
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Heat |
-Is a form of energy
-For a given body of matter, amount of heat is a measure of matter's total kinetic energy due to motion of its molecules; heat depends in part on the matter's volume |
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Temperature |
-Measure of heat intensity that represents the average kinetic energy of the molecules, regardless of volume
-Two objects of different temperature are brought together, heat passes from the warmer |
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Celsius scale |
-At sea level water freezes at 0 degrees celsius -Boils at 100 degrees celsius |
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Calorie (cal) Kilocalorie (kcal) Joule (J) |
Calorie- amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degrees C
Kilocalorie- 1,000 |
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Specific Heat |
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Evaporative Cooling |
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Heat of Vaporization |
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Insulation of Bodies of Water by Floating Ice |
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Solution Solvent Solute Aqueous solution |
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Hydration shell |
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Hydrophilic Colloid Hydrophobic |
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Molecular Mass Mole (mol) Molarity |
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