Chapter 3 Water And Life

Front 1

Water is a polar molecule. This means that

Back 1

atoms in the molecule have partial charges as a result of unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond

Front 2

the partial charges on a water molecule occur because of

Back 2

the unequal sharing of electrons between the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms of a water molecule

Front 3

in a group of water molecules, hydrogen bonds form between

Back 3

the oxygen atom in one water molecule and a hydrogen atom in another water molecule

Front 4

emergent properties of water in antartica

Back 4

ice floats because it is less dense than liquid water; floating ice insulates water below and provides a habitat for some species. less ice is bad

Front 5

What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water

Back 5

All are properties related to hydrogen bonding.

Front 6

Most of water's unique features (for example, its versatility as a solvent, ability to moderate temperature, and cohesive behavior) result from the fact that _

Back 6

oxygen attracts electrons more than hydrogen does

Front 7

The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and water's ability to dissolve substances that have charges or partial charges are

Back 7

both caused by water's partial charges

Front 8

The phenomenon responsible for maintaining the upward movement of water through vessels in a tree is

Back 8

cohesion

Front 9

adhesion

Back 9

the clinging of one substance to another substance

Front 10

glass full of water and it doesnt spilled is explained by

Back 10

surface tension

Front 11

the specific heat of that substance

Back 11

he amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of any substance by one °C is defined

Front 12

heat of vaporization

Back 12

the amount of heat required to convert 1 g of any substance from the liquid to the gaseous state is defined as

Front 13

Water has _____ than other liquids such as ethanol , reflecting its capacity to absorb large amounts of heat

Back 13

higher boiliing point

Front 14

ice floats why?

Back 14

the water particles are farther apart which makes it less dense

Front 15

How does the polarity of water contribute to its ability to dissolve so many substances?

Back 15

Because it is polar, water's negatively charged oxygen atoms and positively charged hydrogen atoms are attracted to positively and negatively charged ions and molecules. .

Front 16

hydrophobic

Back 16

Nonpolar molecules that cluster away from water molecules

Front 17

hydrophilic

Back 17

have charges and partial charges to which water molecules can adhere

Front 18

An acid is

Back 18

a compound that donates hydrogen ions to a solution

Front 19

dding acid tends to _____ of a solution.

Back 19

increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH

Front 20

the lower the ph the more...

Back 20

hydrogen ion concentration h+

Front 21

Adding a base tends to _____ of a solution.

Back 21

lower the hydrogen ion concentration and increase the pH

Front 22

buffer

Back 22

A substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution. has weak acid and base.

Front 23

Why is the increasing amount of carbon dioxide being taken up by the oceans a cause for concern?

Back 23

More carbon dioxide causes an increase in carbonic acid (H2CO3), which leads to an increase in the concentration of carbonate ion (CO32-).

Front 24

The absorption of human-generated CO2 by the oceans

Back 24

increases the hydrogen ion concentration in the oceans but decreases the carbonate ion concentration and threatens the livability of the oceans for organisms that produce calcium carbonate shells

Front 25

emergent properties of water

Back 25

moderates temperature, cohesive behavior, expansion while freezing and versatility as solvent

Front 26

what joins the hydrogen to the oxygen

Back 26

single polar covalent bonds. shared electrons are pulled closer to more electronegative atom

Front 27

what does cohesion allow for

Back 27

transport of water against gravity thanks to hydrogen bonds and cohesion

Front 28

evaporative cooling

Back 28

process where surface of object becomes cooler during evap because the molecules with greatest kinetic energy changing from liquid to gas.

Front 29

calorie

Back 29

amount of heat energy required to raise temp of 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius.

Front 30

hydronium ion

Back 30

water molecule that has extra proton bound to it, H3O+, represented as H+

Front 31

mole

Back 31

number of grams of substance that is equal to molecular or atomic mass in daltons.

Front 32

heat

Back 32

thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

Front 33

ocean acidification

Back 33

decreasing ph of ocean waters because of co2

Front 34

solute

Back 34

substance that is dissolved in solution

Front 35

solution

Back 35

a liquid is homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Front 36

hydroxide ion

Back 36

water molecule that has lost proton OH-

Front 37

surface tension

Back 37

measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break surface of liquid. water has high because of hydrogen bonds

Front 38

thermal energy

Back 38

kinetic energy due to random motion of atomms and molecules. energy in its most random form

Front 39

ph

Back 39

measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+]

Front 40

kinetic energy

Back 40

energy of relative motion of objects.

Front 41

temperature

Back 41

measure in degrees of average kinetic energy (thermal energy_ of atoms and molecules in matter

Front 42

avogrados number

Back 42

6.02 x 10^23, if asked number of molecules alwasys say that.

Front 43

equation for molarity

Back 43

M= mol/ L

Front 44

Transpiration i

Back 44

is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.

Front 45

weak acids

Back 45

reversibly accpet and donate hydrogen ions