Chapter 3 Science Test

Front 1

What is energy?

Back 1

power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.

Front 2

What is the energy source of a car?

Back 2

gas and diesel

Front 3

What is kinetic energy?

Back 3

energy that a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.

Front 4

What two things does kinetic energy depend on?

Back 4

mass and velocity

Front 5

What is electric energy?

Back 5

Electrical energy is the energy carried by moving electrons in an electric conductor.

Front 6

What is potential energy?

Back 6

the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.

Front 7

What is gravitational potential energy?

Back 7

energy an object possesses because of its position in a gravitational field.

Front 8

What does gravitational potential energy depend on?

Back 8

the force of gravity

Front 9

What is chemical energy?

Back 9

is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction or, to transform other chemical substances.

Front 10

What is nuclear energy?

Back 10

the energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to generate electricity.

Front 11

What is mechanical energy?

Back 11

is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object.

Front 12

What is thermal energy?

Back 12

is the energy a substance or system has related to its temperature, i.e., the energy of moving or vibrating molecules. Atoms and molecules, the smallest particles of any substance, are always in motion.

Front 13

What is geothermal energy?

Back 13

is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.

Front 14

What is sound energy?

Back 14

is produced when an object vibrates. The sound vibrations cause waves of pressure that travel through a medium, such as air, water, wood or metal. Sound energy is a form of mechanical energy.

Front 15

What is seismic energy?

Back 15

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.

Front 16

What is radiant energy?

Back 16

is the energy of electromagnetic waves. The term is most commonly used in the fields of radiometry, solar energy, heating and lighting, but is also used less frequently in other fields (such as telecommunications).

Front 17

What is an energy transformation?

Back 17

is the process of changing one form of energy to another. In physics, the term energy describes the capacity to produce certain changes within a system, without regard to limitations in transformation imposed.

Front 18

What is the law of conservation of energy and how does it relate to energy transformations?

Back 18

states that the total amount of energy in a system remains constant ("is conserved"), although energy within the system can be changed from one form to another or transferred from one object to another. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed.

Front 19

What is work?

Back 19

is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force while the force acts on the object

Front 20

What unit is work measured in?

Back 20

J

Front 21

What are two things work depends on?

Back 21

energy and force

Front 22

What is a simple machine?

Back 22

any of the basic mechanical devices for applying a force, such as an inclined plane, wedge, or lever.

Front 23

What is the definition of an inclined plane?

Back 23

a sloping ramp up which heavy loads can be raised by ropes or chains.

Front 24

What is the definition of a screw?

Back 24

a short, slender, sharp-pointed metal pin with a raised helical thread running around it and a slotted head, used to join things together by being rotated so that it pierces wood or other material and is held tightly in place.

Front 25

What is the definition of a wedge?

Back 25

a piece of wood, metal, or some other material having one thick end and tapering to a thin edge, that is driven between two objects or parts of an object to secure or separate them.

Front 26

What is the definition of a lever?

Back 26

a rigid bar resting on a pivot, used to help move a heavy or firmly fixed load with one end when pressure is applied to the other.

Front 27

What is the definition of a wheel and axle?

Back 27

a simple lifting machine consisting of a rope that unwinds from a wheel onto a cylindrical drum or shaft joined to the wheel to provide mechanical advantage.

Front 28

What is the definition of a pulley?

Back 28

a wheel with a grooved rim around which a cord passes. It acts to change the direction of a force applied to the cord and is chiefly used (typically in combination) to raise heavy weights.

Front 29

What is a complex machine?

Back 29

A complex machine is a machine made up of two or more simple machines. For example, a car is a complex machine made up of simple machines such as the wheel and axle and pulley.