Chapter 3 Science Notes

Front 1

Aeration

Back 1

Mechanically removing small plugs of soil

Front 2

Adaptive Radiation

Back 2

Development of a new species from a common ancestor

Front 3

Climax community

Back 3

A mature community that continues to change over time

Front 4

Contamination

Back 4

Presence of harmful things in the environment (chemicals, toxins, etc.)

Front 5

Deforestation

Back 5

clearing/logging of forests w/o replanting

Front 6

Ecological Succession

Back 6

changes that take place over time (in organisms)

Front 7

Extinction

Back 7

the dying out of a species

Front 8

Habitat Fragmentation

Back 8

division of habitats into smaller pieces

Front 9

Habitat Loss

Back 9

destruction of habitats, usually due to human activity

Front 10

Introduced Species (Foreign Species)

Back 10

organisms that are transported into regions where they previously weren't

Front 11

Invasive Species

Back 11

organisms that can take over habitats of organisms or their bodies

Front 12

Native Species

Back 12

organisms that naturally inhabit an area

Front 13

Natural Selection

Back 13

where the most well adapted species survive (and reproduce)

Front 14

Over-exploitation

Back 14

the use of a resource until nothing is left

Front 15

Pioneer Species

Back 15

organisms that are the first to survive and reproduce

Front 16

Primary Succession

Back 16

development of life where no organisms or soil previously existed

Front 17

Secondary Succession

Back 17

reintroduction of life to an area after a disturbance

Front 18

Soil Compaction

Back 18

squeezing together of soil particles= less space for air

Front 19

Soil Degradation

Back 19

damage to soil (result= deforestation, wind erosion, etc.)

Front 20

Sustainability

Back 20

ability to sustain ecological processes and biodiversity

Front 21

Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)

Back 21

info on ecological matters that have been passed down from generations (like the first nations)

Front 22

What's the difference between natural selection and adaptive radiation?

Back 22

NS is where the most adapted organisms survive and reproduce and AR is development of a new species from a common ancestor

Front 23

What's the difference between pioneer species and climax community?

Back 23

PS are the first to reproduce and survive in an area whereas a CC is a mature community that continues to change over time.

Front 24

Describe ways each of the following can change an ecosystem: drought and flooding

Back 24

Drought:

crop failures

livestock deaths

destroy habitats when plants and animals die

Flooding:

soil erosion

soil pollution

wash away nutrients

Front 25

Give examples of invasive species in BC and how they are affecting the local ecosystem

Back 25

Eurasian milfoil:

Forms wide, dense mats at lake surfaces- cutting off sunlight to organisms below. It thrives in contaminated waters.

Norway rat:

Well adapted to any environment and will eat anything. One female rat can produce up to 72 young a year. They eat ground-nesting sea birds' eggs and have caused a decline in population.

American bullfrog:

Take over habitats and eat native frog species. Will also attack ducks and small mammals. They breed rapidly.

European starling:

Exploits many types of nests and outcompete native birds for nesting sites. Can devastate fruit & grain crops.

Front 26

Give an example of TEK that is practiced today

Back 26

The Nisga'a First Nation use aluminum fish wheels that are based on a traditional wooden design.