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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Retina |
Layer of the eye covered with rods and cones that initiate the process of visual sensation and perception (cones are colour sensitive: red, blue, green; rods are luminance sensitive: white- black) |
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Fovea |
The highly sensitive region of the retina responsible for precise, focused vision composed largely of cones |
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Input |
Photoreceptor > Bipolar Cells > Ganglion Cells > Visual Cortex |
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Sensation |
The reception of physical stimulation and encoding of it into the nervous system |
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Perception |
The process of interpreting and understanding sensory information; act of sensing then interpreting that information |
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Saccade |
The voluntary sweeping of the eyes from one fixation point to another |
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Fixation |
in visual perception, the pause during which the eye is almost stationary is taking in visual information |
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Change Blindness |
The failure to notice change in visual stimuli when those changes occur during a saccade |
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Inattentional Blindness |
The failure to see an object we are looking for directly, even a highly visible one, because our attention is directed elsewhere |
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Visual Persistence |
The perceptual phenomenon in which a visual stimulus still seems to be present even after its termination, usually a few hundred milliseconds to a few seconds |
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Visual Sensory Memory (Iconic Memory) |
The short-duration memory system (lasting no more than about 250 to 500 ms) specialized for holding visual information |
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Tachistoscope (T-Scope) |
Apparatus designed to present visual stimuli in a controlled position for a short period of time, usually milliseconds |
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Span of Apprehension/ Attention |
The number of simple elements that can be heard and immediately reported in their correct order |
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Icon |
The contents of iconic memory; the brief-duration visual image or record of visual stimulus held in visual sensory memory |
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Decay |
Simple loss of information across time, presumably caused by a fading process, especially in sensory memory |
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Interference |
An explanation for the "forgetting" of some target information in which related or recent information competes with or causes the loss of the target information |
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Masking |
An effect, often in perception experiments, in which a mask or pattern is presented very shortly after a stimulus and disrupts or even prevents the perception of the earlier stimulus |
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Erasure |
The masking or loss of information cause by subsequent presentation of another stimulus; usually in sensory memory |
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Focal Attention |
Neisser's (1967) term for mental attention directed toward, for example, the contents of visual memory and therefore responsible for transferring that information into short-term memory |
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Feature Detection (Feature Analysis) |
A theoretical approach in which stimuli (patterns) are identified by breaking them up into their constituent features |
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Pandemonium |
Selfridge's early model of letter identification: feature detection is where "demons" detected and reported familiar features. Parallel processing is where the "demons" all work at the same time, each one trying to match its own feature while all the others are doing the same thing |
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Data-Driven Processing (Bottom-Up Processing) |
When mental processing of a stimulus is guided largely or exclusively by the features and elements in the pattern itself describing this process as being data-driven |
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Conceptually-Driven Processing (Top-Down Processing) |
When mental processing is said to be conceptually driven; when it is guided and assisted by the knowledge already stored in the memory |
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Repetition Blindness |
The tendency to not perceive a pattern, whether a word, a picture, or any other visual stimulus, when it is quickly repeated |
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Integration Masking |
A form of masking in which a pattern mask is typically used; a pattern when superimposed on the target, tends to obscure its identity |
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Metacontrast Masking |
A form of masking in which there is no overlap between the contours of the target and the mask, but these contours are placed close together |
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Geons |
In Biederman's recognition by components model, the basic primitives, the simple three-dimensional geometric forms in the human recognition system |
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Agnosia |
A disruption in the ability to recognize objects |
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Prosopagnosia |
Disruption in the ability to recognize faces |
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Apperceptive Agnosia |
A form of agnosia in which individual features cannot be integrated into a whole percept or pattern |
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Associative Agnosia |
A form of agnosia in which the individual can combine perceived features into a whole pattern but cannot associate the pattern with meaning, cannot link the perceived whole with stored knowledge about its identity |
