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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nodes of Ranvier |
Uncovered sections of axons between myelin sheaths |
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Firing Rate |
The number of action potentials occurring per unit of time, usually in milliseconds |
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Neurotransmitters |
Signaling chemicals that are synthesized within neurons, are released from neurons, and have effects on neurons or other cells |
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Synaptic vesicle (neurotrasmitter vesicle) |
A vesicle that stores and protects neurotransmitters |
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Vesicular transporter |
Channel located on a vesicale that allows passage of neurotransmitters |
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Exocytosis |
Fusing of synaptic vesicles to the axon membrane and release of stored neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft |
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Volume Neurotransmission |
Type of neurotrasmission involving the biding of neurotrasmitters to receptors outside of the synapse |
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Catabolism |
Process invovling the enzymatic breakdown of neurotransmitters and other molecules |
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Turnover of neurotransmitters |
The conversion of a neurotransmitter to a metabolite |
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Reuptake |
Return of neurotransmitters to the axon terminal via membrane transporters |
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Receptor |
Protein located in a neuron membrant that can be bound to and activated by a neurotransmitter |
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Ligand |
A molecule that joins with a protein |
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Autoreceptor |
Presynaptic receptor that is activated by neurotransmitters released from the same axon terminal |
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Heteroceptor |
Presynaptic receptor that is activated by neurotransmitters different from those released from the axon terminal |
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Ionotropic Receptor |
Ion channel that opens when a matching neurotransmitter binds to a site on the channel |
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Metabotropic Receptor |
Receptor physically seperated from parts of the neuron where the receptors exerts its effects |
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G Protein |
A three-subunit protein that carries out effects of a metabotropic receptor |
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Effector Enzymes |
Enzyme that usually activates a second messenger |
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Protein Kinase |
Enzyme that causes phosphorylation ooof a substrate protein |
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Substrate protein |
Protein that may consist of an ion channel, enzyme, neurotransmitter receptor, or other proteins involved in neuronal processes. |
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Neuromodulation |
An alteration in a neuron's level of functional response to stimulation |
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Gluatmate |
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter |
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GABA |
Inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter |
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Essential amino acid |
Amino acid that is not produced in the body and must come from diet |
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Rate limiting step |
Slowest converstion rate in a synthesis process |
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All of these receptors are metabotropic |
Dopamine |