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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Nodes of Ranvier

Uncovered sections of axons between myelin sheaths

Firing Rate

The number of action potentials occurring per unit of time, usually in milliseconds

Neurotransmitters

Signaling chemicals that are synthesized within neurons, are released from neurons, and have effects on neurons or other cells

Synaptic vesicle (neurotrasmitter vesicle)

A vesicle that stores and protects neurotransmitters

Vesicular transporter

Channel located on a vesicale that allows passage of neurotransmitters

Exocytosis

Fusing of synaptic vesicles to the axon membrane and release of stored neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Volume Neurotransmission

Type of neurotrasmission involving the biding of neurotrasmitters to receptors outside of the synapse

Catabolism

Process invovling the enzymatic breakdown of neurotransmitters and other molecules

Turnover of neurotransmitters

The conversion of a neurotransmitter to a metabolite

Reuptake

Return of neurotransmitters to the axon terminal via membrane transporters

Receptor

Protein located in a neuron membrant that can be bound to and activated by a neurotransmitter

Ligand

A molecule that joins with a protein

Autoreceptor

Presynaptic receptor that is activated by neurotransmitters released from the same axon terminal

Heteroceptor

Presynaptic receptor that is activated by neurotransmitters different from those released from the axon terminal

Ionotropic Receptor

Ion channel that opens when a matching neurotransmitter binds to a site on the channel

Metabotropic Receptor

Receptor physically seperated from parts of the neuron where the receptors exerts its effects

G Protein

A three-subunit protein that carries out effects of a metabotropic receptor

Effector Enzymes

Enzyme that usually activates a second messenger

Protein Kinase

Enzyme that causes phosphorylation ooof a substrate protein

Substrate protein

Protein that may consist of an ion channel, enzyme, neurotransmitter receptor, or other proteins involved in neuronal processes.

Neuromodulation

An alteration in a neuron's level of functional response to stimulation

Gluatmate

Excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter

GABA

Inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter

Essential amino acid

Amino acid that is not produced in the body and must come from diet

Rate limiting step

Slowest converstion rate in a synthesis process

All of these receptors are metabotropic

Dopamine