Chapter 3: Nature, Nuture & Human Diversity

Front 1

behavior genetics

Back 1

studies effects of genes (nature) and our environments (nuture)

Front 2

evolutionary psych

Back 2

studies behav, emotions, thinking capacities that seemly allow our distant ancestors to survive, reproduce and send genes to the future...hindsight bias

Front 3

environment

Back 3

every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to people and things around us

Front 4

behavior genetics

Back 4

study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Front 5

chromosomes

Back 5

threadlike structures made up of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Front 6

DNA

Back 6

a comples molecule containing genestic info that makes up the chromosomes

Front 7

identical twins

Back 7

twins that develop from a single fertilized egg which splits into 2 creating 2 genetically identical orgganisms

Front 8

ggenes

Back 8

the biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes/a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

Front 9

genome

Back 9

the complete instructions for making an organism

Front 10

fraternal twins

Back 10

twins who develop from seperate fertilized eggs. they are genetically no closer than brothers and sister sbut share a fetal environment

Front 11

temperment

Back 11

a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Front 12

heriditibility

Back 12

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. the heriditibility of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied

Front 13

interactions

Back 13

the effect of one factor (ie environment) depends on another (ie heriditibility)

Front 14

molecular genetics

Back 14

subfielf of bio that sutdies the molecular structure and functions of genes

Front 15

evolutionary psychologists

Back 15

study evolution of behavior and bimd using principles of natural selection

Front 16

natural selection

Back 16

principle that amongthe range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed onto succeeding generations

Front 17

mutations

Back 17

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Front 18

gender

Back 18

in psych, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female

Front 19

pruning

Back 19

loss of unemployed connections in brain

Front 20

selection effect

Back 20

kids drawn to kids with similliar attitudes and backgrounds

Front 21

culture

Back 21

enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people transmitted from one generation to the next

Front 22

norms

Back 22

an understood furle for accepted and expected behavior. norms prescribe "proper" behavior

Front 23

personal space

Back 23

buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

Front 24

individualism

Back 24

giving priority to one's own goals over group's goals and defining one's i.d. interms of personal attributes rather than group i.d.s

Front 25

collectivism

Back 25

ggiving priority to the goals of one's group (i.e. extended fam/work group) and defining one's i.d. accordingly

Front 26

independent

Back 26

dependent on ownself

Front 27

interdependent

Back 27

dependent on a group

Front 28

aggression

Back 28

phys/verbal behav intended to hurt

Front 29

male answer syndrom

Back 29

men more likely to hazard answers rather than admit they donno

Front 30

x-chromosome

Back 30

sexchromosome in both boys and girls

Front 31

y-chromosome

Back 31

sex chromosome found in males

Front 32

testosterone

Back 32

most important of male sex hormones. in both males and females but additional test. in males. stimulates growth of male sex organs in fetus and development of male sex characteristics during puberty

Front 33

role

Back 33

set of expectations(norms) about social positions, redefining those in that position ought to behave

Front 34

gender role

Back 34

set of expected bahaviors for males and females

Front 35

gender identity

Back 35

one's sense of being male/female

Front 36

gender typing

Back 36

acquisition of a traditional masculine/feminine role

Front 37

social learning theory

Back 37

theory, learn social (gender-linked) behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Front 38

ggender schema theory

Back 38

theory, kids learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be a boy/girl and that they adjust their behavior accordingly

Front 39

occam's razor

Back 39

principle that we should prefer simplest of competing explanations