Chapter 3 Life In Water

Front 1

The amount of salt dissolved in water is called

Back 1

salinity

Front 2

How can water enter reservoirs in the hydrologic cycle?

Back 2

Surface flow, precipitation, subsurface flow

Front 3

True or false: The coral sea is one of the three major ocean basins

Back 3

False, the three major ocean basins are the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian

Front 4

Fringing reef

Back 4

near the shore of a continent or island

Front 5

Barrier reef

Back 5

located some distance off the shore of a continent or island

Front 6

atoll reef

Back 6

formed from a submerged oceanic island and ring a lagoon

Front 7

Food additives and fertilizers are made from _____ that grow in the ocean, however, the harvested material is quickly replaced by growth

Back 7

Kelp

Front 8

Which of the following cities were built on estuaries?

Back 8

London and San Francisco

Front 9

____ wavelengths of light are absorbed more slowly than others, producing the characteristic color of oceans

Back 9

Blue

Front 10

Ocean basins from smallest to largest

Back 10

Indian ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean

Front 11

Oxygen levels are generally highest

Back 11

in cold water

Front 12

Tiny photosynthetic organisms that drift with the currents are called ____while their animal counterparts are called ___

Back 12

photoplankton, zooplankton

Front 13

Which of the following is a way in which tidal currents are important in estuaries, salt marshes, and mangrove forests?

Back 13

They contribute nutrients to the habitat and they can be involved in transporting organisms into or out of the habitat

Front 14

The discharge of organic wastes and addition of nitrogen to estuary waters ____ oxygen directly or through increased primary production

Back 14

depletes

Front 15

Environmental issues that coral reefs are facing today:

Back 15

1) over harvesting of organisms

2) corals losing their zooxanthellae algae

3) dynamite and poisons used for fishing

Front 16

the biodiversity of a tropical river is ____ a temperate river

Back 16

greater than

Front 17

First order streams

Back 17

headwater streams

Front 18

second order stream

Back 18

stream formed by joining two first order streams

Front 19

third order stream

Back 19

stream joined by joining 2 second order streams

Front 20

___ are evidence that intertidal areas have been used for harvesting of organisms such as clams and mussels for food for many thousands of years

Back 20

shell middens

Front 21

One of the most severe human impacts on river systems has been the building of

Back 21

reservoirs

Front 22

what is the result of the process called upwelling

Back 22

Deep water is moved to the surface when winds blow surface water offshore

Front 23

A __ is a topographic depression in a landscape that collects water

Back 23

lake

Front 24

The primary ecological impact of human populations on lakes is the dumping of nutrients and ____ wastes

Back 24

toxic

Front 25

What categories are included in the "number of species and species composition" with respect to the Index of Biological Integrity

Back 25

1) overall number of fish in a community

2) kinds of fish in a community

3) tolerance of fish species

Front 26

Water below the thermocline is:

Back 26

cooler than water above the thermocline

Front 27

The mouth of a river, where it empties into an ocean, gulf, or other marine habitat is called an

Back 27

estuary

Front 28

Examples of how oceanic currents influence living things:

Back 28

1) They transport oxygen

2) they transport organisms to other areas

3) they transport nutrients

Front 29

A lack with high biological production that is often oxygen depleted is called

Back 29

eutrophic

Front 30

Greatest duration and amount of thermal stratification to the least

Back 30

tropical ocean, temperate ocean, high latitude ocean

Front 31

light intensity in an intertidal area is highest at

Back 31

low tide

Front 32

Which lake is not a large lake that acts as a freshwater basin?

Back 32

Lake victoria

Front 33

What function may tidal currents play in salt marshes and mangrove forests?

Back 33

They may break up and transport plant litter

Front 34

The shallow shoreline that is under the influence of the change of tides is called the __ or ___ zone

Back 34

littoral or intertidal zone

Front 35

True or false: the sun has a greater gravitational pull on the water

Back 35

False; the moon does because it's closer

Front 36

A ______ _____ is found at the transition between land and sea. They are typically concentrated along low-lying coasts with sandy shores.

Back 36

Mangrove forest

Front 37

Which types of organisms might be attached onto rock surfaces on a rocky shore

Back 37

barnacles, mussels, sea stars, and seaweeds

Front 38

Headwaters

Back 38

contain coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM); water is typically cooler and contains higher oxygen levels

Front 39

Medium-sized streams

Back 39

contain fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) that supports algae and aquatic plants; moderate temperatures and oxygen levels

Front 40

large rivers

Back 40

Contain fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) that tend to support a plankton community; water temperatures are typically higher and oxygen levels are lower

Front 41

Why are proportions of the major ions in the oceans relatively constant around the globe?

Back 41

There is a continuous and vigorous mixing of the world's oceans

Front 42

Oceanic zones from shallowest to deepest

Back 42

epipelagic zone, mesopelagic zone, bathypelagic zone, abyssal zone, hadal zone

Front 43

_____ shores are battered by the full force of ocean waves

Back 43

exposed

Front 44

kelp forests and coral reefs are typically found:

Back 44

in shallow waters along continents and around islands

Front 45

River discharge is often unpredictable in arid regions due to extended ___ followed by heavy rains

Back 45

droughts

Front 46

oxygen levels in intertidal zones:

Back 46

-Do not generally limit the distribution of organisms

-Most organisms get some exposure to oxygen at each low tide

Front 47

Channels in salt marshes that fill and empty with the tides are called

Back 47

tidal creeks

Front 48

why is surface water warmer than deeper water?

Back 48

-The velocity of water molecules at the surface is higher

-warmer water is less dense than colder water

higher kinetic energy of water molecules decreases the density of the water

Front 49

The rate of primary production on coral reefs and algal beds is ___ compared to tropical rain forests

Back 49

higher

Front 50

Fluctuations in tides, where there is one high tide and one low tide per day are called:

Back 50

diurnal tides

Front 51

Shores on the inside of headlands or in coves and bays are called ______

Back 51

sheltered shores

Front 52

species that live in the upper intertidal zones are exposed during most tides, while those in lower levels are less frequently exposed, this concept is known as

Back 52

zonation of species

Front 53

which zone in the ocean contains organisms able to do photosynthesis?

Back 53

upper epipelagic zone

Front 54

One of the two most important water movements that affect the distribution and abundance of intertidal organisms are ____, changes in water level throughout the day

Back 54

tides

Front 55

True or false: clear streams are generally less turbid than clear lakes or seas

Back 55

false

Front 56

Riparian zone

Back 56

the transitional area between the active river channel and the terrestrial environment

Front 57

The ______ zone is the region beyond the continental shelf

Back 57

oceanic

Front 58

why is harvesting and bleaching of corals harmful to the environment?

Back 58

-Shellfish population numbers are harmed

-Corals do not quickly reproduce and replace the harvested material

Front 59

what percentage of the total photosynthesis in the biosphere occurs in the oceans?

Back 59

50%

Front 60

the cold, dark waters below the thermocline of a lake are part of the

Back 60

hypolimnion

Front 61

The ____ is where corals grow in the surge zone created by waves from the open sea

Back 61

reef crest

Front 62

two low tides and two high tides per day are referred to as

Back 62

semidiurnal tides

Front 63

the highest portion of the intertidal zone is called the

Back 63

splash/supertidal zone

Front 64

coral reefs are ___ vulnerable to over harvesting than kelp forests

Back 64

more

Front 65

True or false: the number of organisms found in estuaries or salt marshes is usually low

Back 65

false

Front 66

In most temperate lakes around November (in the northern hemisphere), the temperature

Back 66

is equalized from top to bottom because thermocline breaks down

Front 67

A greater proportion of _____ species compared to _____ species or hybrids generally indicate higher environmental quality

Back 67

native; introduced

Front 68

Marine environments support _____ numbers of animal phyla compared to terrestrial environments

Back 68

greater

Front 69

Temperatures above about ___ Celsius are usually lethal to reef-building corals

Back 69

29

Front 70

The ___ ____ ___ describes how historical patterns of flooding have particularly important effects on things such as nutrient and energy exchange between a river channel, floodplain, and wetlands

Back 70

The flood pulse concept

Front 71

Healthy aquatic communities should have biological integrity according to some scientists. The term biological integrity means that the community should be similar to one in an _____ habitat in the same region

Back 71

undisturbed

Front 72

which zone extends from the coast to the continental shelf?

Back 72

The neritic zone

Front 73

Temperature fluctuations in the intertidal environment are ___ stable than temperature fluctuations in most marine environments

Back 73

less

Front 74

The salinity in the intertidal zones located in the subtropics can be greatly ______ during the wet season

Back 74

reduced

Front 75

river zones from first to last

Back 75

Riparian zone, benthic zone, hyporheic zone, phreatic zone

Front 76

Coral reefs grow well only in waters with ______ salinity

Back 76

stable

Front 77

Where are salt marshes most likely to be found?

Back 77

On sandy shores from temperate to high altitudes

Front 78

The surface layer of a lake is called the

Back 78

epilimnion

Front 79

An area of a continent or an island that is drained by a river drainage network is called a

Back 79

river basin

Front 80

As you near the equator, ___ ___ are gradually replaced by ___ ___ as the water warms

Back 80

kelp forests; coral reefs

Front 81

Which of the following would have the highest salinity water

Back 81

Latitudes from 20 degrees to 30 degrees north and south

Front 82

The _____ zone of a river habitat is the transitional area between surface water flow and groundwater

Back 82

hypsomething

Front 83

temperatures in estuaries, salt marshes, and mangrove forets are

Back 83

highly variable because they are effected by air temperatures

Front 84

Breaking down of organic matter, also known as _____, an deplete dissolved oxygen in estuaries, salt marshes, and mangrove forests

Back 84

decomposition

Front 85

Salinity in ____ varies much more than in the open ocean

Back 85

tide pools