Chapter 3 Key Terms & Notes Key Terms From 9-7-2010 (Quiz #1)

Front 1

Indentured Servants (p. 58)

Back 1

-Settler who signed on for a temporary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the new world.

Front 2

Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney (p. 61)

Back 2

-Managed her families 3 plantains in S. Carolina at 16. Had tremendous success growing indigo starting a trend for other plantations.

Front 3

Cash Crop (staple crop) (p. 64)

Back 3

-A profitable market crop, such as cotton or tabacco.
-A crop that is used for profit rather than being used to sustain the members of the colony.

Front 4

Triangular Trade (p. 72)

Back 4

-Means by which exports to one country or colony provided the means for imports from another country or colony.

Front 5

Half-Way Covenant (p. 75)

Back 5

-Allowed baptized children of church members to be admitted to a "halfway" membership in the church and secure baptism for their own children in turn, but not allowed to vote in the church or communion.

Front 6

Enlightenment (p. 75)

Back 6

-Revolution in thought begun in the seventeenth century that emphasized reason and science over the authority of traditional religion.

Front 7

John Locke (p. 83)

Back 7

-Philosopher & wrote Essay on Human Understanding (1690) argued that humanity is a product of their environment, stating that the mind is a blank tablet.

Front 8

Benjamin Franklin (p.83)

Back 8

-Boston Born, epitomized the Enlightenment for many. Also helped to write the Declaration of Independence.
-Later served as the minister to France during the AM Rev.

Front 9

Great Awakening (p. 85)

Back 9

-Fervent religious revival movement in 1720-1740, spread throughout the colony by ministers like New England Congregationalist Jonathan Edwards and English revivalist George Whitefeild.

Front 10

Jonathan Edwards (p. 86)

Back 10

New England Congregationalist minister, who started religious revival in his Northhampton church, and was an important figure in the Great Awakening.

Front 11

George Whitefeild (p. 87)

Back 11

-Ture catalyst of the Great Awakening, sought to reignite religious fervor in the American congregations.
-1793 toured the colonies giving spellbinding preaching "new birth"-a sudden movement of conversation and salvation.

Front 12

Covenant

Back 12

-Entered into by two parties VOLUNTARILY promising to act a certain way, seen in different congregations, colonies and even towns.
-Winthrop:"would create a purified & organized society." Said god would continue to guide them if they followed the covenant.

Front 13

Selectman & Magistrates

Back 13

-Elected in different New England colonies in the Spring.
-Often the most social elite in the town.
-Once they held office they usually never had anyone run against them so they held it for many years.
-They pretty much ran the town, and made decisions for the good of the town.

Front 14

General Court

Back 14

-Members would be voted on by the other members in the town.
-Like a judge

Front 15

Deference

Back 15

-When the rest of the towns members deferred the running of the town to their social superiors without question.
-this allowed elected members to further their personal lives using their office.
-Very undemocratic.

Front 16

The Common Field System

Back 16

-Used in New England Colonies to promote unity, and help protect the towns members.
-1 meeting house surrounded by houses on small plots of land. Farmland was often separated so that people would have some of the best farming land and a plot of the worst.

Front 17

New Netherlands

Back 17

-Dutch Colonies, also known as the Middle Colonies (NY, NJ, PA)
-Established for the Dutch to find the Northwest Passage, but just ended up collecting furs here.
-Captured by the English in 1664.

Front 18

The Northwest Passage

Back 18

-A fictional passage thought to be located in the middle colonies which would offer a quick route from Europe to China.
-First pursued by the Dutch.

Front 19

Royal Colony

Back 19

-A colony established by the British government in which they would appoint a governor (who would work under the crown) and the Church of England was the colonies religious affiliation.

Front 20

Duke of York

Back 20

-Brother of the King, who was gifted the middle colonies after they where conquered by the British.
-Named the colony of New York after himself.
-Found no use for New Jersey or Pennsylvania so he gifted them both away.

Front 21

Propriety Colony

Back 21

-the kind of colony that Pennsylvania is.
-After being gifted to William Penn he established it himself as a place for Quakers.

Front 22

Virginia Company

Back 22

-The Joint Stock Company that originally established Jamestown in 1607.
-Originally wanted to find Gold, and furs. They discovered the profitable tobacco plant which was being smoked by the Indians.

Front 23

Jamestown 1607

Back 23

-Established by the Virginia Company and was nearly destroyed by starvation and sickness after deciding not to plant food but instead have supplies shipped over form England.
-Taken over by the King then making it a Royal Colony.

Front 24

Headright System

Back 24

-Program that gave 50 acres of land for every person you brought with you from England to Jamestown.
-Included all family members, children, paid servant, and slaves.
-Program is meant to promote population growth in Jamestown.

Front 25

House of Burgesses
(from notes)

Back 25

-Established when the Virginia Company established Jamestown the House was capable of acting as the crown enabling people to get decisions much quicker.
-Made governing body closer than 3000 miles away.

Front 26

Virginia Company

Back 26

-The Joint Stock Company that originally established Jamestown in 1607.
-Originally wanted to find Gold, and furs. They discovered the profitable tobacco plant which was being smoked by the Indians.

Front 27

Jamestown 1607

Back 27

-Established by the Virginia Company and was nearly destroyed by starvation and sickness after deciding not to plant food but instead have supplies shipped over form England.
-Taken over by the King then making it a Royal Colony.

Front 28

Headright System

Back 28

-Program that gave 50 acres of land for every person you brought with you from England to Jamestown.
-Included all family members, children, paid servant, and slaves.
-Program is meant to promote population growth in Jamestown.

Front 29

House of Burgesses
(from notes)

Back 29

-Established when the Virginia Company established Jamestown the House was capable of acting as the crown enabling people to get decisions much quicker.
-Made governing body closer than 3000 miles away.