Chapter 3 - Integumentary System

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integumentary (in teg you MEN tah ree) system

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consists of the skin and its accessory structures: the hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

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The four main functions of the skin are:

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protection, regulation, sensation, secretion

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-al, -ary, -ic, -ous

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pertaining to

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-um

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tissue

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-clysis

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injection

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-ia, -osis

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condition of

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-derma, -dermis

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skin

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-tome

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instrument to cut

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-rrhea

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flow, discharge

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-plasty

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surgical repair

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-ist

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one who specializes

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-itis

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inflammation

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-logy, log

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study of

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-oid

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resemble

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-oma

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tumor

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-phagia

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to eat

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anti

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against

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ep, epi

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upon, above

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sub

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below, under

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par

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around

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hypo

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below, deficient

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hyper

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above, excessive

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cutane

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skin

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xer/o

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dry

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derm, derm/o, dermat, dermat/o

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skin

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erythr/o

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red

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hidr

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sweat

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ungu

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nail

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trich/o, pil/o

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hair

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seb/o

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oil

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icter

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jaundice

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integument

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covering

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kel

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tumor

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melan, melan/o

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black

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myc

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fungus

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onych, onych/i, onych/o

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nail

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pachy

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thick

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pedicul

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louse

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prurit

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itching

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rhytid, rhytid/o

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wrinkle

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The Epidermis

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The outer layer of the skin.

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What are the skin's four strata:

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stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulsum, stratum germinativum

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papillae

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produce ridges that are one's fingerprints

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subcutaneous tissue

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supports, nourishes, insulates and cusions the skin

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What does hair do?

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provides sensation and some protection for the head

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What do nails do?

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Protects ends of fingers and toes.

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What are nails composed of?

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They are horny cell structures of the epidemis and composed of hard keratin.

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sebaceous glands

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lubricates the hair and skin

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sweat (sudoriferous) glands

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secretes sweat or perspiration

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Protection function of the skin (1)

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serves as a protective membrane against invasion by bacteria

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Protection function of the skin (2)

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serves to inhibit loss of water and eletrolytes

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Protection function of the skin (3)

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helps to produce the body's supply of vitamin D

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Regulation function of the skin

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serves to raise and lower body temperature as necessary

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Sensation function of the skin (1)

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skin contains millions of microscopic nerve endings that act as sensory receptors for pain, touch, heat, cold and pressure

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Sensation function of the skin (2)

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When stimuation occurs, nerve impluses are sent to the cerebral cortex of the brain

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Secretion function of the skin (1)

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skin contains millions of sweat glands, which secrete perspiration or sweat

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Secretion function of the skin (2)

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skin contains sebaceous glands, which secrete oil for lubrication

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sebaceous glands

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produce sebum, which acts to protect the body from dehydration

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The Dermis

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nourishes the epidermis, provides strength, and supports blood vessels

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hypodermoclysis

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injection of fluids under the skin

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tinea

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ringworm - skin disease

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melanoma

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cancer that develops in the pigment cells

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melanin

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the pigment that gives color to the skin. It is formed in the stratum germinativum.

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What are the ABCDs of melanoma?

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The first sign of melanoma is change in size, shape, or color of a mole. The ABCDs describe the changes that can occur in a mole.

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A of melanoma

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A - Asymmetry: The shape of one half does not match the other.

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B of melanoma

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B - Border: the edges are ragged, notched or blurred

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C of melanoma

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C - Color: is uneven. Shades of black, brown or tan are present.

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D of melanoma

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D - Diameter: there is a change in size.

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Nails (fingers and toes) are made up of?

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horny cell structures in the epidermis and are composed of hard keratin.

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lunula

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is the crescent-shaped white area of the nail

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keratin

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is a tough protein substance in hair, nails, and horny tissue.

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paronychia (pair oh NICK ee ah)

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an infectious condition of the marginal structures around the nail

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alopecia (al oh PEE she ah)

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loss of hair

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hirsutism (HER soot izm)

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condition characterized by exessive growth of hair

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macule (MACK yool)

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discolored spot on the skin (ex: freckle)

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papule (PAP yool)

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solid, circumscribed, elevated area on the skin (ex: pimple)

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vesicle (VESS ih kl)

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small, fluid filled sac (ex: blister)

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crust

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dry, serous or seropurulent, brown, yellow, red or green exudation that is seen in secondary lesions (ex: eczema)

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scale

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thin, dry flake of cornified epithelial cells (ex: psoriasis)

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wheal (WEEL)

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localized, evanescent elevation of the skin that is often accompanied by itching (ex: urticaria)

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nodule

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larger papule (ex: acne)

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pustule (PUS tyool)

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small, elevated, circumscribed lesion of the skin that is filled with pus (ex: varicella (chickenpox))

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erosion, ulcer

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is an eating or gnawing away of tissue (ex: open sore, decubitus ulcer)

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fissure

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is a cracklike sore or slit that extends through the epidermis into the dermis (ex: athlete's foot)

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monilia (moh NIL ee ah)

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former name for genus of fungi now called candida

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decubitus (dee KYOO bih tus)

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bedsore

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lentigo (len TYE goh)

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freckle

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impetigo (im peh TYE goh)

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inflammatory skin disease marked by isolated postules that become crusted and rupture

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varicella (var ih SELL ah)

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chickenpox

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cicatrix (SIK ah triks)

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scar left after a healing of a wound

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keloid (KEE loyd)

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overgrowth of scar tissue due to excessive collagen

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dehiscence (dee HIS sens)

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separation or bursting open of a surgical wound

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comedo (KOM ee doh)

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blackhead

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nevus (NEV us)

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is a pigmented, elevated spot above the surface of the skin (mole)

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petechiae (pee TEE kee ee)

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small, pinpoint, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin

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verruca (ver ROO kah)

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wart

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asepsis (ay SEP sis)

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without decay, sterile, free from all living micro-organisms

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avulsion (ah VUL shun)

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forcible tearing away of a body part or structure

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debridement (day breed MON)

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removal of foreign material, dead or damaged tissue from a wound

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laceration

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an irregular tearing of a surface

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rubeola (roo bee OH lah)

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measles

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urticaria (er tih KAY ree ah)

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eruption of itching and burning swellings of the skin; hives

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abrasion

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is the scraping away of skin or mucous membrane and is a result of injury or caused by mechanical means

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bruise

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is an injury in which the skin is not broken but becomes discolored due to escape of fluid into subcutaneous tissue

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True or False: Herpes simplex may be called a cold sore or fever blister.

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True

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boil (furuncle)

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is an acute, painful nodule formed in the subcutaneous layers of the skin, a gland, or a hair follicle. Most often caused by staphylococci and is also referred to as a FURUNCLE.

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carbuncle

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is a cluster of boils

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burn

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is an injury to tissue caused by heat, fire, chemical agents, electricity, lightning, or radiation.

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How are burns classified?

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They are classified according to degree or depth of skin damaged.

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Abbreviation for: chief complaint

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CC

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Abbreviation for: decubitus

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decub

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Abbreviation for: dermatology

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derm

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Abbreviation for: diagnosis

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DX

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Abbreviation for: hypodermic

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H

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Abbreviation for: history

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Hx

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Abbreviation for: past history

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PH

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Abbreviation for: symptom

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Sx

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Abbreviation for: treatment

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Tx

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Psoriasis is a medical term that literally means

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an itching

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Herpes Zoster

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is an acute infectious disease caused by the varicell-zoster virus and is commonly called "shingles"