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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Human cells ________ considerably in size.
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vary
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Cytoplasm contains specialized _________ surrounded by a __________ membrane.
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organelles, plasma
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___________ contains specialized organelles.
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Cytoplasm
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Plasma ______ surround each cell.
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membranes
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True or false: Organization of cytoplasmic substances is important for life?
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True
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Describe the cell nucleus.
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The nucleus is a small, circular body inside the cell.
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What forms the outer boundry of the cell?
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Plasma membrane
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How thick is a cell membrane?
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7nm thick
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What forms the framework of the plasma membrane?
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Thin two-layered membrane of phospholipids containing proteins.
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The plasma membrane is selectively _______.
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selectively
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
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Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
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What is the function of the nucleus?
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Contains the genetic information and directs most of the cell's activities.
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What is the function of mitochondrion?
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Supplies the energy needed by the cell.
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What is the function of ribosomes.
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To organize the synthesis of proteins.
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What is the funtion of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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Prepares proteins for export by the cell.
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What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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To sythesize steriods, regulate calcium levels, and break down toxic substances.
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What is the function fo golgi apparatus?
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Prepare proteins for secretion by the cell.
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What is the function of lysosomes?
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Contain digestive enzymes.
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What are the function of microfilaments and microtubules?
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To contribute to cell support, movement, and division.
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The plasma membrane is _______ permeable.
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selectively. (Selective things can pass thru such as water & oxygen)
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What is the internal living material of cells?
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cytoplasm
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What are organelles?
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Small structures that make up most of the cytoplasm. (little organs)
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Ribosomes may ______ to rough ________ reiculum or _____ free in cytoplasm.
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attach, endoplasmic, lie
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Network of connecting sacs and canals.
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What carries substances through cytoplasm?
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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What is golgi apparatus?
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A group of flattened sacs stacked on one another near the nucleus.
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What are mitochondria composed of?
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Inner and outer membranes.
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Each mitochondria containes one ______ molecule.
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DNA
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What are centrioles?
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Tubules that lie at right angles to each other near the nucleus.
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What are cilia?
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Fine hairlike extensions forund on free or exposed surfaces of some cells.
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What is the function of cilia?
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Cilia attach to things and move them along.
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What is a flagellum?
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Single projection extending from cell surfaces.
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Give an example of a flagellum.
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A sperm cell
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Flagellum are much _____ than cilia.
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larger
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What controls every organelle in the cytoplasm, along with cell reproduction?
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Nucleus
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What are the components of the nucleus?
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Nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, and chromatin granules.
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What is the relationship of cell structure and function?
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Regulation of life processes, survival of species thru reproduction.
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The more cells in an organism the more ________ it is.
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intricate
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What type of process does not require added energy to occur?
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Passive transport
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What process results in movement down a concentration gradient?
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Passive transport
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What are two types of passive transport?
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Diffusion and filtration
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Osmosis and dialysis are specialized examples of what type of transport process?
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diffusion
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What is diffusion?
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Substances scatter themselves evenly throughout an available space.
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In passive transport movement is from _____ to _____ concentration.
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high, low
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What is filtration?
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Movement of water and solutes through a membrane because of a greater pushing force on one side of the membrane than on the other.
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What type of passive transport is responsible for urine formation?
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filtration
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Active transport process
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The movement of substances "up the concentration gradient". requires energy from ATP.
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Give are three types of active transport?
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Ion pumps, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis.
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What is an ion pump?
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An ion pump is protein complex in cell membrane called a carrier. Uses energy from ATP.
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What type of process does an ion pump use?
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Active transport. Ion pumps use energy from ATP to move substances across cell membranes against their concentration gradient. LOW -->> HIGH
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Sodium - potassium pump is how what is created?
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energy
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