Chapter 3 - Cells

Front 1

cyt

Back 1

cell

Front 2

cytoplasm

Back 2

the fluid (cytosol) and organelles that occupy the space between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope

Front 3

Endo

Back 3

with in

Front 4

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 4

a complex of membranous structures within the cytoplasm

Front 5

hyper

Back 5

above

Front 6

hypertonic

Back 6

a solution that has a greater concentration of dissolv particles than another solution example: extracellular fluid

Front 7

hypo-

Back 7

below

Front 8

hypotonic

Back 8

a solution that has lesser concentrat dissolved particles than another solution

Front 9

inter-

Back 9

between

Front 10

Interphase

Back 10

the stage that occurs between mitotic divisions of cells

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iso-

Back 11

equal

Front 12

isotonic

Back 12

a solution that has a concentration of dissolved particles equal to that of another solution

Front 13

mit

Back 13

thread

Front 14

mitosis

Back 14

the process of cell division, when threadlike chromosomes become visible within a cell

Front 15

phag

Back 15

eat

Front 16

phagocytosis

Back 16

the process by which a cell takes in solid particles

Front 17

pino

Back 17

to drink

Front 18

pinocytosis

Back 18

the process by which a cell taken tiny droplets of liquid

Front 19

som

Back 19

body

Front 20

ribosome

Back 20

a tiny, spherical organelle consisting of protein and RNA

Front 21

active transport

Back 21

process that uses metabolic energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, usually against the concentration gradient

Front 22

centrosome

Back 22

cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles

Front 23

chromosome

Back 23

rodlike structure that condenses from chromatin in a cell's nucleaus during mitosis

Front 24

differentiation

Back 24

cell specialization due to differential gene expression

Front 25

diffusion

Back 25

random movement of molecules from region of higher concentration towards one of lower concentration

Front 26

endocytosis

Back 26

process by which a cell membrane envelops a substance and draws it into the cell in a vesical

Front 27

equilibrium

Back 27

state of balance between two opposing forces

Front 28

exocytosis

Back 28

transport of substances out of a cells in vesicles

Front 29

facilitated diffusion

Back 29

diffusion in which carrier molecules transport substances across membranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Front 30

filtration

Back 30

movement of material across the membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure

Front 31

Golgi apparatus

Back 31

an organelle that prepares cellular products for secretion

Front 32

lysosome

Back 32

oorganelle that contains digestive enzymes

Front 33

mitochondrion

Back 33

organelle housing enzymes that catalyze reactions of aerobic respiration

Front 34

mitosis

Back 34

division of a somatic cell to form two genetically identical cells

Front 35

nucleolus

Back 35

small structure within cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins

Front 36

nucleus

Back 36

cellular organelle enclosed by double-layered, porous membrane and containing DNA

Front 37

osmosis

Back 37

diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane in response to concentration gradient

Front 38

selectively permeable

Back 38

describes membrane that allows some molecules through and not others; semipermeable

Front 39

vesicle

Back 39

membranous cytoplasmic sacformed by infolding of cell membrane

Front 40

cell membrane

structure

Back 40

membrane composed of proteins and lipid molecules

Front 41

cell membrane

function

Back 41

maintains integrity of cell and controls passage of materials into and out of cells

Front 42

endoplasmic reticulum

structure

Back 42

complex of interconnected membrane-bound sacs and canals

Front 43

endoplasmic reticulum

function

Back 43

transports materials within cell, provide attachment for ribosomal, and synthesizes lipids

Front 44

ribosomes

structure

Back 44

particles composed of protein and ofRNA molecules

Front 45

ribosomes

function

Back 45

synthesize proteins

Front 46

Golgi apparatus

structure

Back 46

group of flattened, membranous sacs

Front 47

Golgi apparatus

function

Back 47

packages proteins molecules for transport and secretion

Front 48

mitochondria

structure

Back 48

membranous sacs within inner partitions

Front 49

mitochondria

function

Back 49

release energy from nutrient molecules and transform energy into usable form

Front 50

lysosome

structure

Back 50

membranous sacs

Front 51

lysosome

function

Back 51

Digest worn cellular parts or substances that enters cells

Front 52

centrosome

structure

Back 52

not membranous structure, composed of two rodlike centrioles

Front 53

centrosome

function

Back 53

help distribute chromosomes to new cells during cell reproduction

Front 54

cilia and flagella

structure

Back 54

motile projections attached beneath the cell membrane

Front 55

Celia and flagella

function

Back 55

propelled fluid over cellular services, and enable sperm cells to move

Front 56

vesicles

structure

Back 56

membranous sacs

Front 57

vesicles

function

Back 57

contain various substances

Front 58

microfilaments and microtubules

structure

Back 58

thin rods and tubules

Front 59

microfilaments and microtubules

function

Back 59

support the cytoplasm and help move substances and organelles within the cytoplasm

Front 60

nuclear envelope

structure

Back 60

double membrane that separates the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm

Front 61

nuclear envelope

function

Back 61

maintains integrity of nucleus and controls the passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 62

nucleolus

structure

Back 62

dense, non-membranous body composed of proteins and RNA molecules

Front 63

nucleolus

function

Back 63

site of ribosome synthesis

Front 64

Chromatin

structure

Back 64

Fibers comsposed of protein and DNA molecules

Front 65

Chromatin

function

Back 65

contains information for synthesizing proteins

Front 66

diffusion

Back 66

molecules or items moved from regions of higher concentration towards regions of lower concentration (molecular motion)
Example: O2 and CO2 exchange

Front 67

facilitated diffusion

Back 67

carrier molecules move molecules, through membrane from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration (molecular motion)
Example: movement of glucose through cell membrane

Front 68

osmosis

Back 68

water molecules move from regions of higher concentrations towards regions of lower through a selectively permeable membrane (molecular motion)
Example: distilled water entering a cell

Front 69

filtration

Back 69

molecules are forced from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure (hydrostatic pressure)
Example: water molecules leading blood capillaries

Front 70

active transport

Back 70

carrier molecules move molecules or ions through membranes for regions of lower concentrations towards regions of higher (cellular energy)
Example: movement of various ions, sugars, and amino acids through membranes

Front 71

pinocytosis

Back 71

membrane and goals tiny droplets of liquid from surroundings (cellular energy)
Example: membrane forming vesicles containing liquid and dissolved particles

Front 72

phagocytosis

Back 72

membrane engulfs solid particles from surroundings (cellular energy)
Examaple: white blood cell engulfing bacterial cell

Front 73

exocytosis

Back 73

vesical fuses with membrane to expel substances from cell (cellular energy)
Example: secretion of certain hormones