Chapter 3 Bio

Front 1

Four types of Macromolecules

Back 1

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Front 2

Amount of organic molecules discovered in bacteria

Back 2

Over 5000

Front 3

Amount of organic molecules discovered in animals

Back 3

Over 10,000

Front 4

Six most abundant elements of life

Back 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfure

Front 5

Functional group

Back 5

Specific combination of atoms bonded in a certain way that gives the particular reactive properties

Front 6

Isomers

Back 6

Molecules w/ identical molecular formulas, but different atomic arrangement/ configuration/structure.

Front 7

3 properties that result in great diversity

Back 7

Variable bonding of carbon

Addition of functional groups

Formation of isomers

Front 8

Dehydration reaction

Back 8

Reaction where molecules loses H2O

Front 9

Hydrolysis

Back 9

Breaking bonds with the addition of H2O

Front 10

Disacc. + H2O --------->

Back 10

Mono + Mono

Front 11

Carbohydrates

Back 11

Usually have a 1:2:1 Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen ratio

Front 12

Monosaccharides

Back 12

Ready, fast energy. Single simple sugars

Front 13

Fructose

Back 13

In fruits

Front 14

Galactose

Back 14

In milk

Front 15

Dissaccharides

Back 15

2 monosaccharides bonded together

Front 16

Glucose + Glucose =

Back 16

Maltose + H2O

Front 17

Sucrose

Back 17

Table Sugar

Front 18

Lactose

Back 18

Milk

Front 19

Polysaccharides

Back 19

Multiple monosaccharides bonded together; Energy storage

Front 20

Amylose

Back 20

Unbranched

Front 21

Amylopectine

Back 21

Branched

Front 22

Glycogen

Back 22

Stored in liver; Highly branched and complex

Front 23

Cellulose

Back 23

Most common poly in the world. In cell walls

Front 24

Chitin

Back 24

Found in arthropods

Front 25

Lipids

Back 25

Insoluble in water; Non polar

Front 26

Fats and Oils

Back 26

Triglycerides; Long term energy storage

Front 27

Saturated fats

Back 27

No double bonds; Solid room temp

Front 28

Unsaturated fats

Back 28

Some double bonds; Forms kinks; Liquid at room temp

Front 29

Carbohydrates vs Fat energy storage

Back 29

Fats store more energy in bonds

Front 30

Phospholipids

Back 30

Found in cell membrane

Front 31

Phospholipid Head

Back 31

Hydrophyllic

Front 32

Phospholipid Tail

Back 32

Hydrophobic

Front 33

Steroids

Back 33

4 fused rings

Front 34

Cholesterol

Back 34

Found in cell membranes and Nerve fibers.

Front 35

Waxes

Back 35

Long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohol

Front 36

Proteins

Back 36

50% of cell weight/structure

Front 37

Protein functions

Back 37

Metabolism, Support, Transport, Defense, Regulation, Motion

Front 38

Primary Structure (Proteins)

Back 38

Sequence of amino acids

Front 39

Secondary structure (Proteins)

Back 39

Helix or Pleated

Front 40

Helix

Back 40

Spiral shape form a hydrogen bond

Front 41

Pleated

Back 41

Polypeptide folds back and forms hydrogen bonds along the length of it

Front 42

Tertiary Structure (Proteins)

Back 42

Folded in to 3D shape

Front 43

Globular proteins

Back 43

3D proteins

Front 44

Quantenary Structure

Back 44

Composed of more than one polypeptide; Hemoglobin

Front 45

Nucleic Acids

Back 45

Nitrogenous base that is always bonded to first carbon

Front 46

DNA

Back 46

Genetic material

Front 47

Cytosine and Thymine

Back 47

One ring structure

Front 48

Guanine and Adenine

Back 48

Two ring structure

Front 49

Backbone of DNA

Back 49

Sulfur and Phosphorus

Front 50

RNA

Back 50

Protein Synthesis. Uracil instead of Thymine