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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Federalism
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A system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central government and regional governments
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Unitary System |
A centralized government system in which lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government |
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Expressed |
Powers specific powers granted by the Constitution to Congress |
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implied powers |
implied powers powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution; such powers are not specifically expressed, but are implied through the expansive interpretation of delegated powers |
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necessary and proper clause |
Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which provides Congress with the authority to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its expressed powers
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reserved powers |
powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states |
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police power |
power reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens |
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concurrent powers |
authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes |
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full faith and credit clause |
requiring that the states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state |
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privileges and immunities |
a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents special privileges |
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home rule
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a guarantee of noninterference in various areas of local affairs |
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commerce clause |
power “to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States and with the Indian tribes” |
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states’ rights |
the principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government; this principle was most popular in the period before the Civil War |
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grants-in-aid |
programs through which Congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government |
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categorical grants |
congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law |
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project grants |
grant programs in which state and local governments submit proposals to federal agencies and for which funding is provided on a competitive basis |
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formula grants |
grants-in-aid in which a formula is used to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local government will receive |
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cooperative federalism |
a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals; also known as intergovernmental cooperation |
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regulated federalism |
a form of federalism in which Congress imposes legislation on states and localities, requiring them to meet national standards |
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preemption |
the principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas; in foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack |
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unfunded mandates |
regulations or conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the federal government |
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devolution |
a policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government, such as from the national government to the state and local governments |
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block grants |
federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent |
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New Federalism |
attempts by presidents Nixon and Reagan to return power to the states through block grants |
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general revenue |
sharing the process by which one unit of government yields a portion of its tax income to another unit of government, according to an established formula; revenue sharing typically involves the national government providing money to state governments |
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redistributive programs |
economic policies designed to control the economy through taxing and spending, with the goal of benefiting the poor |