Chapter 3

Front 1

Know what makes a molecule organic and why carbon is so good at forming compounds.

Back 1

Carbon makes it organic and it's good at forming compounds because it has 4 valence electrons

Front 2

Know what a monomer and polymer is and how they are formed and broken down (examples of monomers)

Back 2

Monomers: simple molecules that make up polymers(large organic molecules)

Condensation: waters comes out and links molecules together

Hydrolysis: breaks polymers apart by adding water to it

Front 3

Carbohydrates can also be called what?

Back 3

Sugars

Front 4

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Back 4

Monosaccharides

Front 5

know the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.

Back 5

Monosaccharides: have 1 carbon ring

Disaccharide: 2 carbon rings

Polysaccharide: more than 2 carbon rings

Front 6

know the 3 most important monosaccharides in living organisms

Back 6

Glucose(C6H12O6)

Ribose- backbone of RNA

Deoxyribose-backbone of DNA

Front 7

Know the four different forms of polysaccharides(polymers) addressed and their function.

Back 7

Starch- glucose stored in plants

Glycogen-glucose stored in animals

Cellulos-in plant wall(makes strong)

Chitin- makes exoskeleton

Front 8

Know the deference between fats and oils

Back 8

Fats are soild, oils are liquid

Fats from animals, oil from plants

Front 9

Know the monomers that makes them lipids

Back 9

Fatty acids (has COOH at the end)

Front 10

Know the monomers that makes them lipids

Back 10

Fatty acids (has COOH at the end)

Front 11

Know components of the different lipid polymers

Back 11

Triglycerides(fats/oils): 3 fatty acids; one glycerol back bone

Phospholipids:phosphate head and 2 fatty acids

Steroids: 4 carbon rings fused together

Front 12

know what makes a compound a fatty acids and the difference between saturated, unsaturated and trans and cis fats.

Back 12

Saturated: no double bonds between atoms

Unsaturated:has a double bond

CIS: H on same side

TRANS:H on opposite sides

Front 13

How do DNA &RNA differ

Back 13

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded

DNA has nitrogen bases: AT CG RNA bases are CG AU

DNA- genetic material RNA-dif functions

DNA stays in nucleus, RNA can leave nuclus

Front 14

Know the complementary base pairs.

Back 14

DNA: GC,AT RNA: GC,AU

Front 15

Phospholipids- Know the basic structure of a phospholipid and where it is found in cells.

Back 15

Structure: phosphate head( loves water) hydrophilic with hydrophobic tail; found in cell membrane

Front 16

Steroids- examples

Back 16

Cholesterol, Testosterone, Estrogen

Front 17

know what monomers proteins are made of and what type of bond holds them together.

Back 17

Amino acids, held by peptide bonds

Front 18

know the three structural components of an amino acid.

Back 18

Structural(keratin/collagen), Enzymes, Hormones, act as channels in cell membrane , antibodies

Front 19

Know the 4 levels of organization of proteins

Back 19

Primary structure(straight lines); Secondary structure, Helix, Alpha Helix(coil), Beta cheet(folds);tertiary structure(two secondary bonded)

4th level folds more(Quaternary)

Front 20

Know how a protein can be denatured(lose function)

Back 20

Extreme heat or Extreme pH

Front 21

Know the function of an enzyme

Back 21

To lower activation energy of a reactant

Front 22

Know what the monomers of nucleic acid

Back 22

RNA & DNA

Front 23

Know structure of a nucleotide(3 components)

Back 23

Nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate