Chapter 3

Front 1

Know what makes a molecule organic and why carbon is so good at finding molecules?

Back 1

-organic molecules have carbon

-carbon is good at forming bonds because it has 4 valence electrons

Front 2

Know what makes the monomer and polymer is and how they are formed and broken down?

Back 2

-Monomer- are carbohydrates are also called simple molecules that make up a polymer

Front 3

Carbohydrates are also called?

Back 3

Sugars

Front 4

What are the monomer of carbohydrates?

Back 4

Carbon rings

Front 5

Know the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?

Back 5

-Monosaccharide- 1 carbon ring

(Ex. Glucose)

-Disaccharide- 2 carbon ring

(Ex. Sucrose and Lactose)

-Polysaccharide-more than 2

Front 6

3 most important monosaccharide in living organisms?

Back 6

-Glucose

-Ribose

-Deoxyribose

Front 7

Know 4 different forms of polysaccharides (polymers) addressed in their function

Back 7

-Starch-(Storage of glucose in plant)

-Glycogen-(Storage of glucose in animals)

-Cellulose-(found in the cell wall of plants)

-Chitin(found an exoskeleton)

Front 8

Know the difference between fats and oils?

Back 8

-Fats- usually come from animals (solids)

-Oils- usually come from plants (liquids)

Front 9

Triglycerides?

Back 9

-One Glycerol backbone

-3 fatty acids

Front 10

Phospholipids?

Back 10

-phosphate head

-2 fatty acids

Front 11

Steroids?

Back 11

- 4 carbon rings stuck together at two places

Front 12

Know what makes a compound a fatty acid and the difference between saturated unsaturated and trans and cis fats?

Back 12

-Fatty Acid-hydrogen chain ends with the acidic group--COOH

-Saturated-every bond has a maximum amount of carbon

-Unsaturated- double bond

-Trans- H on the opposite side

-Cis Fats- H on the same side

Front 13

Know the basic structure of a phospholipid and where it is found in the cells?

Back 13

-It has a phospholipid

-Found in the cell membrane

Front 14

Steroids know examples?

Back 14

-4 carbon rings put together

-examples: Colesterol, Testosterone, and Estrogen

Front 15

Know what monomers proteins are made of and what type of bond holds it together?

Back 15

-Peptide bind

Hint 15

3 components

Front 16

Know three structural components of an amino acid?

Back 16

-Amino Acids

-Acidic Group

-R group

Front 17

Know some of the different functions of proteins can have in a cell?

Back 17

-Hormones

-Enzymes

-Antibodies

-Channels

Front 18

Know the 4 levels of organization of proteins?

Back 18

-Primary Structure-linear sequence (lines)

-Alpha Helix (spiral) or Beta Sheet (sheets, fold)

-Tertiary Structure

-Quaternary

Front 19

Know how a protein can be denatured?

Back 19

-Exposure to extreme heat or pH (ex. When you Cooke meat)

Front 20

Know the function of an enzyme?

Back 20

-Make reactions easier by lowering the amount of energy it takes

Front 21

Know what the monomer of nucleic acids is?

Back 21

-Nucleotide

Front 22

Know the two types of nucleic acid?

Back 22

-RNA

-DNA

Front 23

Know the structure of a nucleotide?

Back 23

-Phosphate

-Pentose Sugar

- Nitrogen Base- Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine(C)

Front 24

Know the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back 24

RNA- single stranded

DNA- double stranded and held together by hydrogen bond

Front 25

Know the complementary base pairs?

Back 25

-Adenine(A), always pairs with Thymine(T)

-Cytosine(C), always pairs with Guanine(G)