Week 3

Front 1

Name the term:

"general structure that guides data collection and analysis in order to address a research problem"

Back 1

research design

Front 2

True or false:

Data is not an absolute reality or truth

Back 2

true

Front 3

Name the term:

"data that directly emerge or emanate from an unobservable phenomenon"

Back 3

primary data

Front 4

Name the term:

"data obtained from one or more peoples descriptions or interpretations of primary data related to an unobservable phenomenon"

Back 4

secondary data

Front 5

What is the purpose of a quantitative study?

Back 5

1. to explain and predict

2. to confirm and validate

3. test theory

Front 6

What is the purpose of a qualitative study?

Back 6

1. describe and explain

2. explore and interpret

3. build theory

Front 7

What is the nature of a research process of a quantitative study?

Back 7

1. focused

2. known variables

3. establish guidelines

4. preplanned methods

5. somewhat context free

6. detached view

Front 8

What is the nature of a research process of a qualitative study?

Back 8

1. hollistic

2. unknown variables

3. flexible guidelines

4. emergent methods

5. context bound

6. personal view

Front 9

What are the data like, and how are they are collected - quantitative study?

Back 9

1. numerical data

2. representative, large sample

3. standardize instruments

Front 10

What are the data like, and how are they collected? qualitative?

Back 10

1. textual and image based data

2. informative and small sample

3. loosely structured or non-standarized observations and interviews

Front 11

How are quantitative data analyzed?

Back 11

1. statistical

2. stress on objectivity

3. primarily deductive reasoning

***communicated by numbers, statistics, formal voice

Front 12

How are qualitative data analyzed?

Back 12

1. search for themes and categories

2. acknowledgement that analysis is subjective and potentially biased

3. primarily inductive reasoning

*** communicated in words, narrative, personal voice

Front 13

Name the term:

"extent to which a research design and its implementation enable accurate conclusions about cause-and-effect and other relationships among variables studied"

Back 13

internal validity

Front 14

What is the hawthorne effect?

Back 14

When a research participant in a research project changes their behaviour simply because they know they are being expose to an experimental intervention

Front 15

what is the novelty effect?

Back 15

When a participants behaviour changes because of the fact the environment has changed in a noticeable way - not because because of specific experimental intervention.

Front 16

what are some ways to ensure internal validity?

Back 16

1. controlled lab study

2. double blind experiment

3. unobtrusive measures

4.triangulation

Front 17

Name the term:

" in study when neither participants or researchers are aware of any participants membership in a particular treatment or control group"

Back 17

Double blind experiment

Front 18

Name the term:

"assessing research participants behaviours in a way that the participants are unaware that they are being observed"

Back 18

unobtrusive measure

Front 19

Name the term:

"collection and comparison of multiple kinds of data, with goal of finding consistencies or inconsistencies among them"

Back 19

triangulation

Front 20

Name the term:

"extent to which the results of a research study are applicable to other contexts- real world situations"

Back 20

external validity

Front 21

What are three ways to enhance external validity?

Back 21

1. real life setting

2. representative sample

3. replication in a different context

Front 22

Name the term:

limiting of data so that they can be interpreted and compared to a particular quan or qual standard; a systematic method of assigning numerical values or categories to data to be analyzed or interpreted.

Back 22

Measurement

Front 23

What are two basic types of longitudinal design?

Back 23

1. panel study: same people, households, organizations

2. cohort study: people sharing the same experience are studied at different time but different people may be studied at same time

Front 24

What are the 4 different types of scales:

Back 24

1. nominal (non-interval)

2. ordinal (non-interval)

3. interval (interval)

4. ratio (interval)

Front 25

Name the term:

"use of numbers of verbal labels to assign each piece of data to one of two or more categories"

Back 25

nominal scale

Front 26

Name the term:

"numerical scale in which assigned numbers reflect only the rank-ordering of various pieces of data with respect to a particular variable; does not legitimately allow addition or subtraction of data points"

Back 26

ordinal scale (rank-order)

Front 27

Name the term:

"numerical scale that reflects equal units of measurement but with an arbitrary zero point"

Back 27

interval scale

Front 28

Name the term:

" numerical scale that reflects equal units of measurement and a true zero point that indicates total absence of characteristic being measures"

Back 28

ratio scale

Front 29

What's the difference between validity and reliability?

Back 29

the validity of a measurement instrument is the extent to which the instrument measures what it is intended to measure. reliability is the extent to which a measurement yields consistent information about characteristic being assessed.

Front 30

What are 4 ways to measure validity?

Back 30

1. face validity

2. content validity

3. criterion validity

4. construct validity

Front 31

Name the term:

"extent to which a measurement instrument accurately measures a characteristic that cannot be directly observed but is assumed based on patterns in peoples behaviours"

Back 31

construct validity

Front 32

Name the term:

" extent to which, on the surface, a measurement looks like it is measuring a particular characteristic"

Back 32

face validity

Front 33

Name the term:

" extent to which the results of measurement instrument correlate with the results of a measure of a presumably related characteristic; also known as predictive validity if related to characteristic at future point in time"

Back 33

criterion validity

Front 34

Name the term:

"extent to which a measurement instrument includes a representative sample of the content roman being measured; most often used for measures of academic achievement."

Back 34

content validity

Front 35

What are 4 forms of reliability?

Back 35

1.interrater reliability- extent to which 2 or more individuals evaluate the same product and give identical judgements

2. test-rest reliability- extent to which single instrument yields same results for 2 people on 2 different occasions

3. equivalent forms reliability- the extent to which 2 different versions of same instrument yield similar results

4. internal consistency reliability- extent to which all items within a single instrument yield similar results