Spank Me Cards

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Hydrocarbons

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Organic compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen can exist as unreached or branched chains or as rings

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Mers

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Compounds with the same molecular formulas but different structures and thus different properties

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Structural isomers

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Are compounds that differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms

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Geometric isomers

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Componds that are identical in the arrangement of their covenant bonds but different in arrangement of atoms

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Enanitomers

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Are isomers that are mirror images of each other

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Hydrocarbons

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Lack distinct charged regions insoluble in water tend to cluster together

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Hydrophobic

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Water fearing

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Functional groups

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Groups of atoms that determine the types of chemical reactions and associations in which the compond participates

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Methyl group

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Nonpolar hydrocarbon

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Hydroxyl group

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Polar because of the presence of a strongly electronegative oxygen atom

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Carbonyl group

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Consists of a carbon atom that has a double covalent bond with an oxygen atom

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Aldehyde

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Has a carbonyl group positioned at the end of the carbon skeleton

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Keytone

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Has an internal carbonyl group

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Carboxyl group

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Consist of a carbon atom joined by a double covalent bond

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Amino group

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Non ionized form includes a nitrogen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms

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Phosphate group

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Weekly acidic

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Sulfhydryl group

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Consisting of an atom of sulfur covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom

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Macromolecules

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Giant molecules

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Polymers

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Produced by linking small organic componnds called monomers

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Hydrolysis reactions

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To break with water

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Carbohydrates

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Sugars starches and cellulose

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Monosaccharides

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Contain from three to seven carbon atoms

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Glucose

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Most abundant minosaccaride

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Disaccharide

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Two sugars two minosaccaride rings joked by linckage

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Glycosidic linkage

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Generally forms between carbon 1 of a molecule and carbon 4

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Polysaccharides

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Consisting of repeating units of simple sugars us ally glucose

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Starch

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Typical for of carbohydrate used for energy storage in plants

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Amyloplasts

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Plant cells story starch mainly as granulated within specialized organelles

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Glycogen

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Glucose subunits join energy sorcerer stored in plant tissue

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Cellulose

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Is an insoluble polysaccharide composed of many joined glucose molecules

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Chitin

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Glycosidic bonds composed of chitin

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Glycoproteins

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Compounds present on the outer surface of cells on bacteria

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Lipids

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Are a heterogeneous group of componds that are categorized by the fact that they are soluble in nonpolar solvents and are insaluable in water

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Triacylglycerols

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Most abundant lipids in living organisms

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Glycerol

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Three carbon alcohol contains three hydroxyl groups

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Glycerol

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Three carbon alcohol that contains three carboxyl groups

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Fatty acid

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Is a long unbranched hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group

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Easter linkage

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Formation of a covalent link

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Monoacylglycerol

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First reaction in easter linkage

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Diacylglycerol

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Second step

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Saturated fatty acid

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Contains maximum possibly number of hydrogen atoms

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Unsaturated fatty acids

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Include one or more adjacent pairs of carbon atoms joined by a double bond

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Monosaturated fatty acids

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Fatty acids with one double bond

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids

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More than one double bondb

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Amphipathic lipids

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One end of the molecule us hydrophilic and one is hydrophobic

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Phospholipids

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Consist of a glycerol molecule attached at one end to two fatty acids

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Carotenoid

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Insaluble in water classified with lipids

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Isoprene units

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Consist of five carbon hydro carbon monomers

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Retinal

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Can be converted to visual pigments

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Steroid

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Consist of carbon atoms arranged in four attached rings

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Proteins

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Macromolecules composed of amino acids are the most versatile components

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Enzymes

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Molecules that accelerate the thousands of different chemical reactions that take place in an organism are proteins

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Amino acids

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Constituents of protiens have an amino group and a carboxyl group bonded to the same carbon atom

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Essential amino acids

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Those that animals cannot synthesize to obtain a diet

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Peptide bond

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Carbon to nitrogen bond linking two amino acids

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Dipeptide

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When two amino acids combine

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Polypeptide

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A longer chain of amino acids