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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Chapter 3? |
Chapter 3 is Career concepts and career models |
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What will chapter 3 teach me? |
1. different career concepts 2. Career Management Model by Greenhaus et. al (2010) 3. 21st Century Career Planning Model by Otte and Kahnweiler (1995) 4. Career invention Model by Coetzee (2005) 5. Contextual Action Model by Young et. al. (2005) |
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What else does Chapter 3 teach me? |
6. the difference between plan-and-implement model and test-and-learn model 7. application of various concepts and models in own life |
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Basics about the term Career |
• It has four meanings assigned to it 1. career advancement 2. career as a profession 3. career as a life-long sequence of role-related experiences 4. career as a string of life-long work experiences |
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What other basics should be known about the term career? |
• It can be seen as a quick upward movement in the structure of an organisation • external career is also included in the meaning of a linear career. It highlights the things a person has done in their line of work to make progress • There is a shift from a one-life-one-career perspective to a more contemporary multi-directional perspective |
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What do contemporary definitions of career consider? |
• development has become a long term thing • Experiences and jobs are in more than one organisation • There are significant learnings or experiences • it considers the individual's professional life, direction, competencies, and accomplishment/achievements • it considers jobs, roles, positions and assignments |
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A working class definition of career: |
A career is an ever evolving sequence of employment-related experiences over time • with changes in careers, the definition for careers had to change as well, moving from an upward defied term to one that incorporated long term learning |
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What do we need to know about Protean Career |
A Protean career looks at a person's own good performance A Protean career also includes aspects of: • subjective career • objective career |
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What is a subjective career? |
This is concerned with looking at where a person is headed to in their career and occupational life (Ambition) |
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What is an objective career? |
Looks at the sequence off employment-related experiences in an individuals life (CV) |
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There are four Career Models |
1. Plan and Implement Model 2 . Test and learn model 3. Career Intervention Model 4. Contextual Action Model |
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How these 4 models interlink: |
Plan and Implement model has an effect on Tests and Learn Model which has an effect on Career Intervention Model which has an effect on the Contextual Action Model |
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The traditional Plan-and-Implement career management model -Greenhouse et al (2010) |
• ideal for young adults in their early career stages who want to begin their careers • characteristics of the model include: 1. linear process 2. fixed end goal (goal defined at the beginning) 3. process of career management is deductive 4. explicit knowledge of self and environment 5. career self is based on introspection to find inner truth |
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The modern Test and Learn career management model - Otte and Kahnweiler (1995) |
1. More appropriate for employed adults who make various career transitions who are faced with uncertainties and volatile work places 2. There are characteristics to this model |
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The Test-and-Learn career management model characteristics |
1. Development is a circular process 2. There are iterative rounds of action and reflection 3. emphasis is placed on changes with career transitions 4. emphasis is placed on continuous renewal and reinvention 5. Implicit knowledge is created through career planning and management process |
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Further characteristics of the Test-and-learn career management model |
6. Individuals can have multiple career selves 7. Career is self determined through testing and experimenting with numerous possibilities 8. Individual learning experiences so that old and new skills can be combined, as well as interests, perspectives and opportunities incorporated to evolve self |
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More on the Test-and-learn career management model |
• This model relies heavily on the quest for personal development - every step is underpinned by personal ambition and direction • The nature of the model allows the individual to find meaning in their work and life |
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What are the steps for the Test-and-Learn career management model? |
1. Quest for personal development - awareness of inner depth 2. Honor resistance (lack of will power, laziness, procrastination) which should be identified and understood why it happens 3. Clarify the ideal future - role one would like to assume 4. Study self - gaining a deeper understanding of self |
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What are the steps for the Test-and-Learn career management model? (2) |
5. Analysis of past competencies - exploring skills one has developed 6. establish skills needed for ideal career 7. draft a tentative plan - plan of action/goals 8. explore plan with others - input from friends and family 9. execute plan step by step and reflect 10. evaluate and reformulate annually and assess progress |
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The Plan-and-implement career management model |
• It depends heavily on the companies ability to share information with their employees and support their employees and their endeavors • The need to initiate this model is that of a decision which needs to be made by the individual |
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What is this decision? - in the context of the Plan-and-implement career management model? |
1. Career exploration - analysis of information regarding career-related issues on two levels (1) self exploration (2) environmental exploration 2. Awareness of self and environment 3. Developing a career strategy - plan of action to achieve career goals through work feedback 4. Progress towards set goals 5. Career appraisal |
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What principles does the Career Intervention Model emphasize? |
1. Principles of the Career Intervention Model • 21st cent. career is circular • People can change their career depth • deep self-reflection on past experiences (realize that future goals are not yet realized) • competency traders - employees determining the time they spend at the company 2. The model is developing where emphasis is being placed on career self-management and success |
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What are the stages of the Career Implementation Model? |
(cyclic) 1. Self exploration 2. Exploration of possibilities 3. Experimentation (3 leads to 1 again) |
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what is self exploration in the context of the Career Implementation model? |
1. Identifying ones possible selves and working roles 2. Figuring outones dreams, desires, ambitions and life purpose |
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What is Exploration of possibilities in the context of the career implementation model? |
1. Determining ones career possibilities that lie within ones career assessment and general self exploration 2. Draft a plan to explore and experiment with determined career possibilities |
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What is Experimentation in the context of career implementation model? |
1. Take action 2. Reflect on achievements and failures 3. Seize new opportunities by taking action (1) |
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What are the Key characteristics an individual should develop? |
1. Career Orientation - views and values on guiding the career decisions of the individual 2. Drivers - Energizing the individual and driving them toward attaining set goals 3. Enablers - Characteristics that help an individual succeed in their career 4. Harmonizers - control and the ability to keep the drivers in balance |
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What is the Contextual Action Model? |
The Contextual Action Model is defined by its underlying principles |
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What are the principles that undermine the Contextual Action Model? |
1. Classic Action theory 2. Career related action - constructed socially through individuals, groups 3. Career construction - work represents a domain of life 4. Significant Learning and experiences - analyse professional life, direction, competencies and achievements |
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What are some more of the principles that undermine the Contextual Action Model |
5. Career Development 6. Interpersonal Sense-making 7. Individual becomes 'active agent' 8. Social meaning - using language and social narratives to make sense of life |
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What are the three perspectives on action in the Contextual Action Model? |
1. Actual Manifestation - overt behaviour 2. Internal processes - Conscious attitudes and emotions that guide actions 3. Social Meaning - the meaning of your actions in social context |
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What are the levels and dimensions of action? |
Action is socially regulated • Action elements - intention or desires leading to action • Functional action steps - Encourage movement or action towards a goal |
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What do the three dimensions of action include? |
1. Hierarchy - relating to more- or less impressive/super- or subordinate actions that lead to a goal 2. Sequence - temporal ordering of actions 3. Parallel - different actions for different goal CAN exist |
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What is the basic action system? |
1. Short term actions - individual actions, joint actions 2. Mid-term actions - projects 3. Long-term actions - career |
