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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A thick layer of mucus
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The stomach is protected from digesting itself by producing
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Stomach and esophagus
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The lower esophageal sphincter is located between the
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Peristalsis
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A muscular contraction that propels food down the GI tract is called?
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Neutralize the acid in the duodenum.
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Bicarbonate ions from the pancreas
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Small intestine
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Most digestive processes occur in the?
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Liver, Gallbladder
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Bile is formed in the _______ and stored in the ____________?
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Bacteria
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Much of the digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by?
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Proton pump inhibitor
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Nexium (the purple pill) acts as a(n)
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Nutrigenomics
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The study of how food impacts health through interaction with genes is?
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Oxygen
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Energy production that takes place in the cytoplasm is anaerobic metabolism because it does not require
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chemical energy
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The constant turnover of body tissues requires the ______ supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
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Lungs
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To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide?
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thyroid hormone
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Which hormone functions in the regulation of the body's metabolic rate?
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Epiglottis
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What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?
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Mouth
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Where does digestion begin?
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It is the first GI tract sphincter
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All of the following are features of the epiglottis except which one?
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Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach
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What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?
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sphincters
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The ring-like muscles that retard or prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called
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A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines
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Which of the following is a description of chyme?
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Protects stomach cells from gastric juices
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What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
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fruits and high fructose corn syrup.
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Major fructose sources include
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glucose
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After absorption, galactose is converted to ________ in the liver.
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two monosaccharides.
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A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of
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promote tooth decay
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Simple sugars in large quantities have been shown to
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50%
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In the U.S. diet, carbohydrate supplies approximately what percentage of total kilocalories?
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photosynthesis
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The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called
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dextrose
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Glucose also is known as
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Glucose and galactose form lactose.
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Which of the following is true?
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fructose, glucose, and galactose.
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The monosaccharides important in nutrition are
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Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins.
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Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion?
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Pancreatic amylase
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What enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?
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They pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria
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What is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine?
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Starch to maltose to glucose
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Which of the following describes the process of starch digestion?
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active
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Glucose is absorbed via ______ absorption.
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Maltose is transported through the portal vein to the liver
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Which of the following is not true of carbohydrate absorption?
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Lactase deficiency
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Lactose intolerance is caused by
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Gas, abdominal pain, and distention.
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The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are
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Milk shakes made with skim milk
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Those with lactose intolerance usually can consume all the following except
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Liver
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Which organ will first receive sugars after they are absorbed into the blood?
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Muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake
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When insulin is released, it causes
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