Chapter 3

Front 1

society

Back 1

Complex human organization, a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conducted.

Front 2

ethnic identity

Back 2

Specific attributes and societal institutions that make one group of people culturally different from others.

Front 3

nation

Back 3

A group of people bound together by a common set of political aspirations, the most important of which is self-government.

Front 4

national identity

Back 4

A sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspirations.

Front 5

nationalism

Back 5

Pride in one's people and the belief that they have a unique political destiny.

Front 6

citizenship

Back 6

An individual's relationship to the state, wherein citizens swear allegiance to that state and the state in return is obligated to provide rights to those citizens.

Front 7

patriotism

Back 7

Pride in one's state.

Front 8

nation-state

Back 8

A state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent.

Front 9

ethnic conflict

Back 9

A conflict in which different ethnic groups struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other's expense.

Front 10

national conflict

Back 10

A conflict in which one or more groups within a country develop clear aspirations for political independence, clashing with others as a result.

Front 11

political attitude

Back 11

Description of one's views regarding the speed and methods with which political changes should take place in a given society.

Front 12

radicals

Back 12

Those with a political attitude that favors dramatic, often revolutionary change.

Front 13

conservatives

Back 13

Those with a political attitude that is skeptical of change and supports the current order.

Front 14

reactionary

Back 14

Someone who seeks to restore the institutions of a real or imagined earlier order.

Front 15

political ideology

Back 15

The basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equality.

Front 16

liberalism

Back 16

(1) A political attitude that favors evolutionary transformation. (2) An ideology and political system that favors a limited state role in society and the economy, and places a high priority on individual political and economic freedom.

Front 17

liberal democracy

Back 17

A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights.

Front 18

communism

Back 18

(1) A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and, ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state. (2) A political ideology that advocates such a system.

Front 19

social democracy

Back 19

(1) A political-economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the state's management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures. (2) A political ideology that advocates such a system.

Front 20

socialism

Back 20

(1) A political-economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the state's management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures. (2) A political ideology that advocates such a system.

Front 21

fascism

Back 21

A political ideology that asserts the superiority and inferiority of different groups of people and stresses a low degree of both freedom and equality in order to achieve a powerful state.

Front 22

anarchism

Back 22

A political ideology that stresses the elimination of the state and private property as a way to achieve both freedom and equality for all.

Front 23

fundamentalism

Back 23

A view of religion as absolute and inerrant that should be legally enforced by making faith the sovereign authority.

Front 24

culture

Back 24

Basic institutions that define a society.

Front 25

political culture

Back 25

The basic norms for political activity in a society.