Chapter 3

Front 1

stages of prenatal growth (time frame)

Back 1

Germanal stage (first 2weeks after conception)
Embryonic stage (2after plant on the wall, four to eight weeks)
Fetal stage

Hint 1

Zygote (sperm fertilized egg)
Embryo
-if male, testosterone secreted
-if female, estrogen secreted
Fetus;
-Further increase in organs
-more brain waves (neurodevelopment)

Front 2

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Back 2

low birth weight, a smaller brain, facial deformities, lack of coordination, and metal retardation; non hereditary,

Front 3

shaken baby syndrome

Back 3

a type of child abuse that is diagnosed with triad of symptoms: subdural hematoma, retinal hemmorage, and brain swelling; cause long life disability.

Front 4

motor reflexes

Back 4

made before birth

Rooting reflex
Sucking reflex
Swallowing reflex
Moro (startle)
Babinski
Grasp
Stepping

Hint 4

Infant touched on the cheek or corner of the mouth will turn toward touch and search for something to suck on.
Baby will suck on anything suckable
Can swallow though this reflex is no yet well coordinated.
In response to a loud noise or a physical shock, an infant will throw its arm outward and arch its back
In response to a touch on the bottom of the foot, will splay it’s toes and then curl inward
In response to a touch on the palm of the hand, an infant will grasp
If held so that the feet touch the ground, an infant will show “walking” movements, alternating the feet steps.

Front 5

contact comfort
Harry Hallow's Study

Back 5

in primates the innate pleasure derived from close physical contact; it is the basis of an infants first attachment.

Harry Harlow’s study= the first demonstration of the importance of touching.
Raised infant rhesus monkeys with two kinds of artificial mothers.

Front 6

separation anxiety

Back 6

Child grows attachment to mother, grows anxiety when she leaves; the distress that most children develop, at about the age six to 8 months of age, when their primary care givers temporarily leave with others.

Front 7

Strange situation

Back 7

Left with stranger, to determine attachment to mother.

Front 8

different types of attachment

Back 8

Securely attached
Insecurely attached
Ambivalent

Hint 8

Securely attached= they cry or protest if the mother leaves the room; welcome her back and then play happily agian
Insecurely attached= child may be avoidant, not caring if the mother leaves the room, making little effort to seek contact with her on her return.
Ambivalent= resisting contact with the mother at reunion but protesting loudly if she leaves.

Front 9

Parentese

Back 9

adult use of baby talk;at four to six months, baby can recognize his or her name and other words regularly spoken with emotion, like calling for their mother or father. At 6months to 1year, they can speak those words.

Front 10

Jean Piaget

Back 10

piaget's theory as children develop, their minds constantly adapt

Front 11

assimilation

Back 11

they form new schemas and form pictures in their head and try to assimilate info within that area; they assimilate neew information into their existing mental categories (terrior is dog)

Front 12

accommodation

Back 12

have to make new pictures or change of these pictures; must change their mental categories to accommodate their new experiences (cat is not dog)

Front 13

Jean Piaget's stages

Back 13

1. The sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2)
2. Preoperational stage (ages 2 to seven)
3. Concrete operation stage (age 7 to 12)
4. Formal operations stage (age 12 through adulthood):

Hint 13

1. The sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2)= learning concrete actions, coordinate bodily movement object permanence (the understanding which develops through out the first year, that an object continues to exist even when you can not see it; out of sight out of mind is the motto
2. Preoperational stage (ages 2 to seven)= lack cognitive abilities necessary for understanding abstract principles and mental operation, ego centric (see the world from only their point of view), accelerate use of symbols, imitate human behavior, don’t know conservation (the understanding that physical objects can remain the same even when their form and appearance changes like number of cluster).
3. Concrete operation stage (age 7 to 12)= understand conservation, no abstract thinking (learn math but no critical thinking).
4. Formal operations stage (age 12 through adulthood): abstract thinking, think systematically; ideas can be compared and classified, connect opinions with reasoning, and think of future.

Front 14

parenting styles

Back 14

look up

Front 15

gender identifying

Back 15

what you are, no matter what sex you are.
- dressing in opposite clothing
-actions follow the sex; sweet voice to the child
-Sense of sex has never change

Front 16

gender typing

Back 16

what society expects of a person
-influence the gender development

Front 17

transgender

Back 17

people who do not fit comfortably into the usual categories of male and female, masculine or feminine (don’t fit into society stereotype)

Front 18

transsexual

Back 18

male in female body and vise versa; gender identity not same as personal anatomy.

Front 19

adolescence: time frame

Back 19

puberty till adulthood

Front 20

Menarche

Back 20

first woman menstrual period

Front 21

Spermarche

Back 21

first male ejaculation

Front 22

Erik Erikson's stages

Back 22

look at chart