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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of the element
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atom
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natural law describing the fact that a given compound always contains the same element in the same proportions
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law of constant composition
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theory proposed by john dalton stating that elements are composed of atoms, all atoms of a given element are identical but different from atoms of other elements, atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, and a given compound always has the same relative numbers and kinds of atoms
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atomic theory of matter
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stream of electrons emitted by a negatively charged electrode and attracted by a positively charged electrode
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cathode ray
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evacuated glass tube in which a stream of electrons emitted by a cathode strikes a fluorescent material, causing it to glow
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cathode ray tube
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negatively charged particle within an atom
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electron
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spontaneous emission of radiation from an atom
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radioactivity
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concentrated core of an atom, which contains protons and neutrons
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nucleus
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positively charged particle within the nucleus of an aton
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proton
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neutral particle within the nucleus of an atom
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neutron
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unit by which the mass of an atom or atomic particle is expressed
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atomic mass unit
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number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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atomic number
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atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge because it has gained or lost electrons
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ion
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atom that has the same of protons as another atom, but has a different number of neutrons
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isotope
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sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a given atom
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mass number
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weighed average of the masses of the existing isotopes of an element
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atomic mass
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the process that changed the composition of an atom
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nuclear reaction
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attractive force among the particles in the nucleus of an atom
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strong nuclear force
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spontaneous breakdown of an unstable atomic nucleus, durin which alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays may be entered
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radioactive decay
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