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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what 3 things do microbes do
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cycle nutrients, maintain fertile soil, and decompose wastes
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what percentage is successfully grown in labs
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1%
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what is symbiosis
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interaction between organisms
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what is mutualism
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both species benifit
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what is parisitism
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one species is benefited the other is harmed
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what is commensalism
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one species benifits the other is not affected
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what is a community
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all organisms in a habitat
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what is competition
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more than one species requiring the same nutrients
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what is cooperation
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more than one species working together to benefit
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what is predation
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one species is a prey and the other is preditor
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what is an ecosystem
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all living organisms and non living in an area
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what is the microenvironment
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the environment immediately surrounding the individual.
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macroenvironment is
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more readily measured
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what are the three general trophic levels
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primary producers, consumers, and decomposers
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which trophic level is an autotroph
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primary producer
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who converts CO2 into organic materials
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primary producers, autotrophs
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what are phototrophs
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use sunlight
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what are chemolithoautotrophs
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oxidize inorganic materials
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what trophic group serves as food for consumers and decomposers
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primary producers
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what trophic group is heterotrophic
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consumers
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what do consumers use to eat
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use organic materials, they rely on autotrophs
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what are secondary consumers
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carnivores that eat herbavores
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what are tertiary consumers
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carnivores eat carnivores
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what are decomposers
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heterotrophs that digest remains of primary producers and consumers
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what is fresh or partially decomposed matter
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detritus
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what is mineralization
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complete break down of organic molecules into inorganic molecules
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what do decomposers specialize in digesting and converting
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digesting complex materials and converting it into small molecules
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what is considered a low nutrient environment
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lakes, rivers and streams
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the ability to withstand adverse enviornment and compete with other microbes is helped by what
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multiplying rapidly
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what does antagonism do
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helps determine community make up
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how do microbes compete 2 ways include warfare
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multiply, and produce antimicrobials
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can organisms adapted to living in one environment survive in an other
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not likely
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how are organisms affected with a change of environment 2
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growth, metabolism alters
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when growth metabolism is altered in organisms, what happens to their environment
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nutrients become depleted and waste accumulate
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how is bacteria influenced during succession of an environment
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they are either wiped out or more are brought in
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how are microbial communities grown 2 ways
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as biofilms attached to solid substrates or at air water interfaces
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what is a microbial mat
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organized structure composed of layers
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how are microbial groups distinguish in microbial mat
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colors
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what colors are photocynthetic cyanobacteria
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green
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anoxygenic phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria is what color
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pink
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what color are obligate anaerobic sulfur reducers
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black
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deep lakes and oceans have zones- what does the uppermost layer contain
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photosynthetic microorganisms
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deep lakes and oceans have zones- what does the uppermost layer contain examples of photosynthetic microbes
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algae and cyanobacteria
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what happens to the organic material in the ocean that photosynthesizers use
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descends and is metabolized by heterotrophs
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how is the nutrients in deep sea
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poor
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why are nutrients abundant in coastal regions but poor in deep sea
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runoff from land
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what tyype of organism is supported in seawater
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halophilic organisms
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what is oligotrophic and give example of environment that is
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little nutrients to sustain life- deep ocean
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why is soil microbiology interesting
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useful chemicals are synthesized in the soil
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what organism that is benificial to humans is grown in soul
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Streptomyces
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what type of organism are Streptomyces
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aerobic organisms
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what are two things that Streptomyces are used for
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antibiotics and degrading toxic chemicals
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what is soil composed of
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rock, decaying organic matter, air and water
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what are some characteristics of soil
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abundant with life containing species such as bacteria nd fungi
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how is soil changed 3 ways
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leaves from trees can fall and enrich, rain can wash away a ton of microbes, and farmers can change composition with fertilizer
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what happens if there is too much water in soil
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aerobic microbes die
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what happens if there is not enough water in soul
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metabolic activities decreas
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what are the three things important for soil microbes
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acidity, temperature, and nutrient supply
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what does acidity do in soil
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upresses bacteria allowing fungi to thrive
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when do mushrooms appear
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in a lawn fertilized with acids
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what microbes are more abundant in soil 2
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prokaryotic cells and gram positive bacteria
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what is the rhizosphere
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zone of soil closer to the plant
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what are found in the rhizosphere
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gram negative microbes
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what do root cells of plants secrete
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organic molecules
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certain ___ species appear to prefer ____
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bacterial species, prefer certain plants
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what material does Azosprillum fix
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species that fix nitrogen
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what creates microzones where obligate anaerobes can grow
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aerobic organisms
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what can produce organic acids that may be metabolized by other organisms
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fermenters
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which trophic group specializes in digesting complex materials
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decomposers
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decomposers digest what complex material
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cellulose
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what breaks down organic molecules into inorganic molecules
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decomposers
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what environments can organisms grow in make that organism have a highly efficient transport system for nutrient uptake
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dilute environment
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how do microbes grow
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logarithmically
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marine environments cover how much of the earth
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more than 70%
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what is the most abundand water habitat and what percent of glabal water is it
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95% oceans
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how much salt is in sea water
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305%
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how much salt is in freshwater
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.05%
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why is the ocean/ deep sea oligotrophic
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lack of nutrients- photosynthetic organisms let out organic material and is quickly consumed as it descends
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what is it called when toxic chemicals are degraded
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bioremediation
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what has the greatest range of biosynthetic and biodegradative capabilities
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soil
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what type of fertilizer specific acid producing do mushrooms grow in
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ammonium chloride
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where are azospirillum located
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in the rhizosphere
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what is the rhizosphere region
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the region around plant roots
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the rhizosphere is rich in what
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organic molecules, enrich the region
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biochemical cycles are what
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paths elements take
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biochemical cycles flow through what
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biotic and abiotic components
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what is biotic component
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alive
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what is abiotic component
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not alive
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which cycles involve global impact
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carbon, nitrogen
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conversion of N2 into ammonia containing fertilizers has done what to food
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increased food production
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what alters the nitrogen cycle
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conversion of N2 into ammonia containing fertilizers
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what does an increase amount of fixed nitrogen do
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pollutes lakes and coastal arease
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what must be coninually added to ecosystem to fuel life
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energy
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what raises global temperatures
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release of co2
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what do decomposers degrade
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detritus
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what plays a dominant role in degrading sugar, amino acids, and protein
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rapidly multiplying bacteria
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