Chapter 29 Flashcards

Front 1

Levittown

Back 1

Created by William Levitt who annouced that he wanted to place two thousand rental houses in a former potato field on Long Island. he used mass production techniques that he learned while creating navy housing during war. Levitt quickly built four thousand homes and rented them to young veterans. The community was called this and housed many young couples. It was completed in 1951 and contained more than 17 thousand homes. Became known as the "fertility valley" and the "rabbit hutch" for how many babies were born there.

Front 2

Baby Boom

Back 2

Going to the suburbs was a social trend in the post war era. The residential areas surrounding large cities nearly doubled in the 1950s. Started during WWII. Young married couples began to have three, four, or even five children. These larger families led to a 19 percent growth in the nations population between 1950 and 1960, the highest growth rate since 1910

Front 3

Sputnik

Back 3

the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957, and was the first in a series of satellites collectively known as the Sputnik program. The unanticipated announcement of Sputnik 1's success precipitated the Sputnik crisis in the United States and ignited the Space Race within the Cold War. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the Space Age

Front 4

Highway Act of 1956

Back 4

popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act, was enacted on June 29, 1956, when Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law. With an original authorization of 25 billion dollars for the construction of 41,000 miles of the Interstate Highway System supposedly over a 20-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history through that time

Front 5

Brown vs. BOE

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a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 which allowed state-sponsored segregation.

Front 6

Plessy vs. Ferguson

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Upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in private businesses (particularly railroads), under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

Front 7

Martin Luther King Jr.

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prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. He is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Gandhi. King is often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism

Front 8

SCLC

Back 8

an American civil rights organization. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The SCLC had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement

Front 9

FEPC

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required that companies with government contracts not to discriminate on the basis of race or religion. It was intended to help African Americans and other minorities obtain jobs in the homefront industry. On June 25, 1941, President Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) by signing Executive Order 8802, which stated, "there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin."

Front 10

Modern Republicanism

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President Eisenhower characterized his views as "modern republicanism". Claiming he was liberal toward people but conservatice about spending public money, he helped balance the federal budget and lower taxes withouth destrying existing social programs

Front 11

LIttle Rock Nine

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a group of African-American students who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The ensuing Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, and then attended after the intervention of President Eisenhower, is considered to be one of the most important events in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. On their first day of school, troops from the Arkansas National Guard would not let them enter the school and they were followed by mobs making threats to lynch

Front 12

Ovrille Faubus

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He stood against the desegregation of Little Rock public schools during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defied a unanimous decision of the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas National Guard to stop African American students from attending Little Rock Central High School. Despite his initial staunch segregationist stances, Faubus moderated his positions later on

Front 13

C Wright Mills

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Mills is best remembered for his 1959 book The Sociological Imagination in which he lays out a view of the proper relationship between biography and history, theory and method in sociological scholarship. He is also known for studying the structures of power and class in the U.S. in his book The Power Elite. Mills was concerned with the responsibilities of intellectuals in post-World War II society, and advocated public, political engagement over disinterested observation

Front 14

David Riesman

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American sociologist and author most noted for The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character (with Reuel Denney and Nathan Glazer, 1950), a work dealing primarily with the social character of the urban middle class. “The lonely crowd” became a catchphrase denoting modern urban society in which the individual feels alienated. Also entering common speech were the labels he applied to two of the three character types that he identified in the book: “inner-directed” and “other-directed

Front 15

John Keats

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Wrote The Crack in the Picture Window. It described the endless rows of tract houeses. Said they were like "identical boxes spreading like gangrene".

Front 16

Katherine Gordon

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Was more concerned about psychological toll of suburbanline in her mid 1960 book she wrote with Richard Gordon and Max Gunter "The Split-level Trap" Labeled the new lifestyle "disturbia" and bemoaned the "haggard" men "tense and anxius" women and the "gimme" kids

Front 17

Rosa Parks

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was an African American civil rights activist, whom the U.S. Congress later called "the first lady of civil rights", and "the mother of the freedom movement"

Front 18

Earl Warren

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known for the sweeping decisions of the Warren Court, which ended school segregation and transformed many areas of American law, especially regarding the rights of the accused, ending school prayer, and requiring "one-man-one vote" rules of apportionment. He made the Court a power center on a more even base with Congress and the presidency especially through four landmark decisions: Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Reynolds v. Sims (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966).

Front 19

Thurgood Marshall

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the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Before becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education. He was nominated to the court by President Lyndon Johnson in 1967

Front 20

Jack Kerouac

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Apart of the Beats, a literary group that rebelled against the materialistic society of the 1950s. Wrote "On the Road" which was published in 1957, and set the tone for the new movement. The name came from the quest for beatitued, a state of inner grace sought in Zen Buddhism.

Front 21

Beatniks

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aka: beats... were easily identified by their long hair and bizarre clothing. Had a penchant for sexual promiscuity and drug expirmentation. They were conspicuous dropouts from society they found senseless.

Front 22

Fair Deal

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A series of reform measures proposed by President Truman in 1949, including federal aid to education, civil rights measures, and national medical insurance. A bipartisan conservative coalition in Congress blocked this effort to move beyond the New Deal reforms of the 1930s

Front 23

SNCC

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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. A radical group advocating black power. SNCC's leaders, scornful of intergration and interracial cooperation, broke with Martin Luther King Jr. to advocate greater military and acts of violence

Front 24

Taft-Hartley Act

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This 1947 anti-union legislation outlawed the closed shop and secondary boycotts. It also authorized the president to seek injunctions to prevent strikes that posed a threat to national security.

Front 25

John Birch Society

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an American radical right-wing political advocacy group that supports anti-communism, limited government, a Constitutional Republic and personal freedom.

It was founded in 1958 by Robert W. Welch Jr. (1899–1985), who developed an elaborate infrastructure that enabled him to keep a very tight rein on the chapters.[6] Originally based in Belmont, Massachusetts, the JBS is now headquartered in Grand Chute, Wisconsin,[7] with local chapters in all 50 states. The organization owns American Opinion Publishing, which publishes the journal The New American

Front 26

NASA

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Created in 1958. Concerned by the interservice rivalry that hampered the missile program, its sponsors insisted on a new civilian agency to oversee the nations space program. Was able to develop its own agenda for space exploration and started a program that would eventually place astronauts in orbit around earth and land them on the moon by the end of the next decade

Front 27

Segregation

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Benefited economically from WW2, but they were still a seriously disadvantaged group. Those who had left the south for better opportunities in northern and western cities were concentrated in blighted and segregated neighborhoods, working low paying jobs, suffering economic and social discrimination, and failing to share fully in the postwar prosperity.

Front 28

Montgomery bus boycott

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In late 1955, African Americans led by Martin Luther King Jr. boycotted the buses in Montgomerey, Alabama, after seamstress Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to move to the back of the bus. The boycott, which ended when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the protesters, marked the beginning of a new, activist phase of the civil rights movement.

Front 29

Adlai Stevenson

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and received the Democratic Party's nomination for president in 1952 and 1956; both times he was defeated by Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower. He sought the Democratic presidential nomination for a third time in the election of 1960, but was defeated by Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. After his election, President Kennedy appointed Stevenson as the Ambassador to the United Nations

Front 30

NDEA

Back 30

signed into law on September 2, 1958, provided funding to United States education institutions at all levels. The act authorized funding for four years, increasing funding per year. While motivated by the increase in the number of students attending college and a growing national sense that U.S. scientists were falling behind scientists in the Soviet Union, it was arguably catalyzed by early Soviet success in the Space Race, notably the launch of the first-ever satellite, Sputnik, the year before.

Front 31

Explorer

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President Ike approved plans to let an army team, lead by german scientist Wernher Von Braun, attempt to put a satellite into orbit using the reliable intermediate range Jupiter rocket. On January 31, 1958, Explorer the first American satellite successfully orbited the earth. Much smaller than the original Sputnik, Explorer did carry more sophisticated set of instruments to send back data from space.

Front 32

Dr. Benjamin Spock

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Wrote the book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Its revolutionary message to mothers was that "you know more than you think you do

Front 33

Will Herberg

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was an American Jewish writer, intellectual and scholar. He was known as a social philosopher and sociologist of religion, as well as a Jewish theologian

Front 34

Commission on Civil Rights

Back 34

a bipartisan, independent commission of the U.S. federal government charged with the responsibility for investigating, reporting on, and making recommendations concerning civil rights issues that face the nation

Front 35

Presidential Election 1956

Back 35

saw a popular Dwight D. Eisenhower successfully run for re-election. The 1956 election was a rematch of 1952, as Eisenhower's opponent in 1956 was Democrat Adlai Stevenson, whom Eisenhower had defeated four years earlier. Incumbent President Eisenhower was popular, but had health conditions that became a quiet issue. Stevenson remained popular with a core of liberal Democrats but held no office and had no real base. He (and Eisenhower) largely ignored the civil rights issue. Eisenhower had ended the Korean War and the nation was prosperous, so a landslide for the charismatic Eisenhower was never in doubt.