Chapter 29

Front 1

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Back 1

n. a 1954 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” education for black and white students was unconstitutional.

Front 2

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Back 2

n. an organization formed in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and other leaders to work for civil rights through nonviolent means.

Front 3

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Back 3

n. an organization formed in 1960 to coordinate sit-ins and other protests and to give young blacks a larger role in the civil rights movement.

Front 4

Sit-in

Back 4

n. a form of demonstration used by African Americans to protest discrimination, in which the protesters sit down in a segregated business and refuse to leave until they are served.

Front 5

freedom rider

Back 5

n. one of the civil rights activists who rode buses through the South in the early 1960s to challenge segregation.

Front 6

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 6

n. a law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most workplaces.

Front 7

Freedom Summer

Back 7

n. a 1964 project to register African-American voters in Mississippi.

Front 8

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Back 8

n. a law that made it easier for African Americans to register to vote by eliminating discriminatory literacy tests and authorizing federal examiners to enroll voters denied at the local level.

Front 9

de facto segregation

Back 9

n. racial separation established by practice and custom, not by law.

Front 10

de jure segregation

Back 10

n. racial separation established by law.

Front 11

Nation of Islam

Back 11

n. a religious group, popularly known as the Black Muslims, founded by Elijah Muhammad to promote black separatism and the Islamic religion.

Front 12

Black Power

Back 12

n. a slogan used by Stokely Carmichael in the 1960s that encouraged African-American pride and political and social Leadership.

Front 13

Black Panthers

Back 13

n. a militant African-American political organization formed in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to fight police brutality and to provide services in the ghetto.

Front 14

Kerner Commission

Back 14

n. a group that was appointed by President Johnson to study the causes of urban violence and that recommended the elimination of de facto segregation in American Society.

Front 15

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Back 15

n. a law that banned discrimination in Housing.

Front 16

affirmative action

Back 16

n. a policy that seeks to correct the effects of past discrimination by favoring the groups who were previously disadvantaged.

Front 17

Thurgood Marshall

Back 17

a team of his best law students under the direction of Thurgood Marshall.

Front 18

rosa parks

Back 18

took a seat in the front row of the “colored”section of a Montgomery bus.

Front 19

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Back 19

pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, 26-year-old Martin Luther King, Jr.