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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
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a 1954 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” education for black and white students was unconstitutional. |
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Thurgood Marshall |
Over the next 23 years, Marshall and his NAACP lawyers would win 29 out of 32 cases argued before the Supreme Court. |
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Rosa Parks |
On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a seamstress and an NAACP officer, took a seat in the front row of the “colored”section of a Montgomery bus. |
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Martin Luther King Jr. |
They elected the pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, 26-year-old Martin Luther King, Jr., to lead the group. An ordained minister since 1948, King had just earned a Ph. D. degree in theology from Boston University. |
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) |
an organization formed in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and other leaders to work for civil rights through nonviolent means. |
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
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an organization formed in 1960 to coordinate sit-ins and other protests and to give young blacks a larger role in the civil rights movement. |
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Sit-in
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a form of demonstration used by African Americans to protest discrimination, in which the protesters sit down in a segregated business and refuse to leave until they are served. |
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freedom rider
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one of the civil rights activists who rode buses through the South in the early 1960s to challenge segregation. |
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James Meredith |
Air Force veteran won a federal court case that allowed him to enroll in the all-white University of Mississippi, nicknamed Ole Miss. |
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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a law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most workplaces. |
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Freedom Summer
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a 1964 project to register African-American voters in Mississippi. |
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Fannie Lou Hamer
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the daughter of Mississippi sharecroppers, would be their voice at the 1964 Democratic National Convention. In a televised speech that shocked the convention and viewers nationwide, Hamer described how she was jailed for registering to vote in 1962, and how police forced other prisoners to beat her. |
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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a law that made it easier for African Americans to register to vote by eliminating discriminatory literacy tests and authorizing federal examiners to enroll voters denied at the local level. |
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de facto segregation
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racial separation established by practice and custom, not by law. |
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de jure segregation
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racial separation established by law. |
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Malcolm X
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declared to a Harlem audience, “If you think we are here to tell you to love the white man, you have come to the wrong place. |
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Nation of Islam
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a religious group, popularly known as the Black Muslims, founded by Elijah Muhammad to promote black separatism and the Islamic religion. |
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Stokely Carmichael
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decided to lead their SNCC followers in a march to finish what Meredith had started. But it soon became apparent that SNCC and CORE members were quite militant, as they began to shout slogans similar to those of the black separatists who had followed Malcolm X |
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Black Power
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a slogan used by Stokely Carmichael in the 1960s that encouraged African-American pride and political and social Leadership. |
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Black Panthers
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a militant African-American political organization formed in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to fight police brutality and to provide services in the ghetto. |
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Kerner Commission
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a group that was appointed by President Johnson to study the causes of urban violence and that recommended the elimination of de facto segregation in American Society. |
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Civil Rights Act of 1968
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a law that banned discrimination in Housing. |
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affirmative action
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a policy that seeks to correct the effects of past discrimination by favoring the groups who were previously disadvantaged. |
