Chapter 28 - Reproductive System

Front 1

What are gametes and where are they produced?

Back 1

a matured reproductive sex cell, the sperm (male) and egg (female) that are ready to unite and form a zygote. they're produced in the ovaries & testes

Front 2

are gametes haploid or diploid?

Back 2

haploid

Front 3

what are the gonads?

Back 3

males - testes, which produce spermatozoa & are located in the scrotum.

females - ovaries, which produce oocytes & are located on each side of the uterus.

Front 4

define spermatogenesis. where does it occur?

Back 4

it's the production of sperm that occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

Front 5

what's the scrotum? location & function?

Back 5

it's the area that encloses the testis. function: protect the testes and regulate their temperature. location: in between penis and anus.

Front 6

what are the functions of the dartos & cremaster muscles?

Back 6

dartos: muscle that wrinkles scrotal sac.

cremaster: muscle surrounding testes that pulls the sac closer to the body for warmth.

Front 7

describe the testes. location, function, what they produce

Back 7

the male gonad that produces spermatozoa. they are contained in the scrotum. function is to produce sperm and hormones (testosterone)

Front 8

what are the seminiferous tubules? what two types of cells do they contain?

Back 8

coiled tubules in the testes that secrete sex hormones & contain spermatogonia. it's where sperm are made.

contains sustentacular cells (sustain/promote sperm development) and interstitial cells (produce testosterone)

Front 9

what are the sustentacular cells?

Back 9

cells in the seminiferous tubules involved in spermatogenesis

Front 10

what are the stem cells in sperm production called?

Back 10

spermatogonia

Front 11

what are intersitial cells?

Back 11

cells in between the seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone

Front 12

describe the functions of LH & FSH in a male. where do they come from?

Back 12

LH (leutinizing hormone): causes secretion of testosterone & other androgens

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone): targets sustentacular cells to promote spermatogenesis.

Front 13

describe the epidiymus.

Back 13

a long coiled tube right above the testes that matures spermatozoa, reduces fluid from the seminiferous tubules, and stores spermatozoa until ejaculation.

Front 14

describe the vas deferens.

Back 14

where sperm travel through to get from the epididymis to the urethra.

Front 15

what's the path sperm take when being ejaculated?

Back 15

epididymis --> inguinal canal (which forms into the ampulla) --> ejaculatory duct --> urethra

Front 16

what structures are found in the spermatic cord?

Back 16

testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, ductus deferens, and a nerve

Front 17

what structures merge to form the ejaculatory duct and what does it do?

Back 17

seminal vesicle & ampulla. it allows semen to be emptied into the urethra to be ejaculated.

Front 18

where is the urethra located? what reproductive material passes through?

Back 18

connect the urinary bladder to the penis.

semen and urine

Front 19

what are the three parts of the urethra?

Back 19

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, penile urethra

Front 20

describe the prostate gland & its location

Back 20

located under the bladder, secretes slightly acidic prostate fluid

Front 21

describe seminal vesicles & its location

Back 21

contributes 60% of semen volume, containing fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen

location: above prostate gland

Front 22

describe bulbourethral glands & its location.

Back 22

secrete alkaline mucus with lubricating properties to neutralize the acidity of any traces of urine

located underneath the prostate gland.

Front 23

what's semen, how much is produced per ejaculate, and why are all its components necessary?

Back 23

it's a mix of glandular secretions & spermatozoa. ejaculation contains 80 million sperm and 2-5 mL of fluid. it's components are necessary because they keep the sperm healthy/alive and ready to fertilize an egg.