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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process by which hazardous materials travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream. |
Absorption (medical)
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A material with a pH value less than 7.
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Acid
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Health problems caused by relatively short exposure periods to a harmful substance that produce observable conditions such as eye irritation, coughing, dizziness, and skin burns.
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Acute health effects
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A type of radiation that quickly loses energy and can travel only 1 or 2 inches from its source. Clothing or a sheet of paper can stop this type of energy. These are not dangerous to plants, animals, or people unless the emitting substance has entered the body.
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Alpha particle |
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A material that causes the victim to suffocate.
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Asphyxiant |
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A material with a pH value greater than 7.
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Base
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type of radiation that is capable of traveling 10 to 15 feet. Heavier materials, such as metal and glass, can stop this type of energy.
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Beta particle
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Chemicals that cause the skin to blister.
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Blister agents
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Chemicals that, when absorbed by the body, interfere with the transfer of oxygen from the blood to the cells.
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Blood agents |
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The temperature at which a liquid will continually give off vapors in sustained amounts and, if held at that temperature long enough, will eventually turn completely into a gas.
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Boiling point
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A material with a pH value greater than 7.
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Base
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type of radiation that is capable of traveling 10 to 15 feet. Heavier materials, such as metal and glass, can stop this type of energy.
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Beta particle
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Chemicals that cause the skin to blister.
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Blister agents
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Chemicals that, when absorbed by the body, interfere with the transfer of oxygen from the blood to the cells.
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Blood agents |
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The temperature at which a liquid will continually give off vapors in sustained amounts and, if held at that temperature long enough, will eventually turn completely into a gas.
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Boiling point
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A cancer-causing agent.
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Carcinogen
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The ability of a chemical to undergo an alteration in its chemical make-up, usually accompanied by a release of some form of energy.
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Chemical change
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A yellowish gas that is about 2.5 times heavier than air and slightly water-soluble. It has many industrial uses but also damages the lungs when inhaled; it is a choking agent.
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Chlorine
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A chemical designed to inhibit breathing and typically intended to incapacitate rather than kill.
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Choking agent
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A health problem occurring after a long-term exposure to a substance
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Chronic health hazard
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The process of transferring a hazardous material from its source to people, animals, the environment, or equipment, all of which may act as carriers for the material
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Contamination
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Chemicals capable of causing convulsions or seizures when absorbed by the body.
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Convulsants
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The ability of a material to cause damage (on contact) to skin, eyes, or other parts on the body.
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Corrosivity
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A description of the volume increase that occurs when a liquid changes to a gas.
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Expansion ratio
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The process by which people, animals, the environment, and equipment are subjected to or come into contact with a hazardous material.
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Exposure (hazardous material)
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Fire point -- The temperature at which sustained combustion will occur. This point is usually only slightly above the flash point for most materials.
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Fire point
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The range of concentrations between the lower and upper flammable limits
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Flammable range
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Any substance that exists in the gaseous state at normal atmospheric temperature and pressure and is capable of being ignited and burned when mixed with the proper proportions of air, oxygen, or other oxidizers.
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Flammable vapor
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The minimum temperature at which a liquid or a solid releases sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air.
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Flash point
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A type of radiation that can travel significant distances, penetrating most materials and passing through the body. This radiation is the most destructive type of radiation to the human body.
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Gamma radiation
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A material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or the environment; a material capable of causing harm.
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Hazard
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A filter capable of catching particles down to 0.3-micron size?much smaller than a typical dust or alpha radiation particle.
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HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter
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The minimum temperature at which a fuel, when heated, will ignite in air and continue to burn.
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Ignition (autoignition) temperature
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Exposure to a hazardous material by swallowing it.
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Ingestion
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The temperature at which sustained combustion will occur. This point is usually only slightly above the flash point for most materials.
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Fire point
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A material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or the environment; a material capable of causing harm.
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Hazard
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A filter capable of catching particles down to 0.3-micron size?much smaller than a typical dust or alpha radiation particle.
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HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter
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The minimum temperature at which a fuel, when heated, will ignite in air and continue to burn.
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Ignition (autoignition) temperature
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Exposure to a hazardous material by swallowing it.
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Ingestion
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Exposure to a hazardous material by breathing it into the lungs.
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Inhalation
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Exposure to a hazardous material by it entering cuts or other breaches in the skin. |
Injection
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Electromagnetic waves of such intensity that chemical bonds at the atomic level can be broken (creating an ion).
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Ionizing radiation
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Substances such as mace that can be dispersed to briefly incapacitate a person or groups of people.
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Irritants
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A blister-forming agent that is an oily, colorless-to-dark brown liquid with an odor of geraniums.
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Lewisite
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The minimum amount of gaseous fuel that must be present in the air for the air/fuel mixture to be flammable or explosive. |
Lower flammable limit (LFL)
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Toxic substances that attack the central nervous system in humans.
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Nerve agents
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Penetrating particles found in the nucleus of the atom that are removed through nuclear fusion or fission. Although they are not radioactive, exposure can create radiation.
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Neutrons
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A measure of the acidity or basic nature of a material; more technically, an expression of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the substance.
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pH
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A transformation in which a material changes its state of matter?for instance, from a liquid to a solid.
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Physical change
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Fluid build-up in the lungs.
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Pulmonary edema
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The combined process of emission, transmission, and absorption of energy traveling by electromagnetic wave propagation between a region of higher temperature and a region of lower temperature
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Radiation
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An atom that has unequal numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and that emits radioactivity.
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Radioactive isotope
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The spontaneous decay or disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus accompanied by the emission of radiation.
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Radioactivity
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A nerve agent that is primarily a vapor hazard.
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Sarin
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The process by which a contaminant is carried out of the hot zone and contaminates people, animals, the environment, or equipment.
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Secondary contamination
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A chemical that causes a large portion of people or animals to develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure to the substance.
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Sensitizer
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The weight of a liquid as compared to water.
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Specific gravity
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The physical state of a material?solid, liquid, or gas.
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State of matter
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A clear, yellow, or amber oily liquid with a faint, sweet odor of mustard or garlic that may be dispersed in an aerosol form. It causes blistering of exposed skin.
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Sulfur mustard
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Poisonous.
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Toxic
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Hazardous chemical compounds that are released when a material decomposes under heat
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Toxic products of combustion
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The study of the adverse effects of chemical or physical agents on living organisms.
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Toxicology
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An acronym to help remember the effects and potential exposures to a hazardous materials incident:
T R A C E M P |
thermal, radiation, asphyxiant, chemical, etiologic, mechanical, psychogenic. |
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The maximum amount of gaseous fuel that can be present in the air for the air/fuel mixture to be flammable or explosive.
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Upper flammable limit (UFL)
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The gas phase of a substance, particularly of those substances that are normally liquids or solids at room temperatures.
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Vapor
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The weight of an airborne concentration (vapor or gas) as compared to an equal volume of dry air.
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Vapor density
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The pressure exerted by the gaseous form of a substance when the liquid and the vapor are in equilibrium.
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Vapor pressure
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A nerve agent.
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VX
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Weapons whose use is intended to cause mass casualties, damage, and chaos.
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Weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
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